Funtoo:Metro/Data Model

Introduction

This document was written to help you install Funtoo Linux as concisely as possible, with a minimum number of distracting options regarding system configuration.

These docs assume you have a "PC compatible" computer system with a standard PC BIOS. Many new computers support UEFI for booting, which is a new firmware interface that replaces the old-fashioned MBR-based BIOS. If you have a system with UEFI, you will want to use this documentation along with the UEFI Install Guide, which will augment these instructions and explain how to get your system to boot. You may need to change your PC BIOS settings to enable or disable UEFI booting. The UEFI Install Guide has more information on this, and steps on how to determine if your system supports UEFI.

We also offer a ZFS Install Guide, which augment the instructions on this page for those who want to install Funtoo Linux on ZFS. If you are installing Funtoo Linux on ARM architecture, please see Funtoo Linux Installation on ARM for notable differences regarding ARM support. An experimental Funtoo Linux build also exists for SPARC platforms. See Funtoo Linux Installation on SPARC.

If you've had previous experience installing Gentoo Linux then a lot of steps will be familiar, but you should still read through as there are a few differences.

Installation Overview

This is a basic overview of the Funtoo installation process:

1. Download and boot the live CD of your choice.
2. Prepare your disk.
3. Create and mount filesystems.
4. Install the Funtoo stage tarball of your choice.
5. Chroot into your new system.
6. Download the Portage tree.
7. Configure your system and network.
8. Install a kernel.
9. Install a bootloader.
10. Complete final steps.
11. Reboot and enjoy.

Live CD

Funtoo doesn't provide an "official" Funtoo Live CD, but there are plenty of good ones out there to choose from. A great choice is the Gentoo-based SystemRescueCd as it contains lots of tools and utilities and supports both 32-bit and 64-bit systems.

It is also possible to install Funtoo Linux using many other Linux-based live CDs. Generally, any modern bootable Linux live CD or live USB media will work. See requirements for an overview of what the Live Media must provide to allow a problem-free install of Funtoo Linux.

To begin a Funtoo Linux installation, download SystemRescueCD from:

• Main US mirror: The Oregon State University Open Source Lab
• Main EU mirror: HEAnet or use your preferred live media. Insert it into your disc drive, and boot from it. If using an older version of SystemRescueCD, be sure to select the rescue64 kernel at the boot menu if you are installing a 64-bit system. By default, SystemRescueCD used to boot in 32-bit mode though the latest version attempts to automatically detect 64-bit processors.

Prepare Hard Disk

Partitions

Funtoo Linux fully supports traditional MBR partitions, as well as newer GPT/GUID partition formats. Funtoo Linux recommends the use of the GPT partitioning scheme, since it is newer and more flexible. Here are the various trade-offs between each partitioning scheme:

GPT Partitions

• Newer, preferred format for Linux systems
• Supports 2 TB+ hard drives for booting
• Supports hundreds of partitions per disk of any size
• Requires legacy BIOS boot partition (~32 MB) to be created if system does not use EFI
• Requires bootloader with support for GPT such as GRUB 2, EXTLINUX, or a patched version of GRUB Legacy

MBR Partitions

• Legacy, DOS partitioning scheme
• Only 4 primary partitions per disk; after that, you must use "logical" partitions
• Does not support 2 TB+ disks for booting
• Compatible with certain problematic systems (such as the HP ProBook 4520)
• Dual-boot with Windows for BIOS systems (Windows handle GPT only on true EFI systems, whatever version it is)
• Multiple boot loader options, e.g. GRUB 2, GRUB Legacy, lilo

   Important

If you plan to use partitions of 2 TB or greater, you must partition using the GPT/GUID format. Also note that there are small percentage of PCs that will not boot properly with GPT. For these systems, using MBR partitions or a primary drive with an MBR partition may be required in order to boot.

Partitioning Using gdisk

Notes Before We Begin

These install instructions assume you are installing Funtoo Linux to an empty hard disk using GUID partition tables (GPT). If you are installing Funtoo Linux on a machine where another OS is installed, or there is an existing Linux distribution on your system that you want to keep, then you will need to adapt these instructions to suit your needs.

If you are going to create a legacy MBR partition table instead of GUID/GPT, you will use the fdisk command instead of gdisk, and you will not need to create the GRUB boot loader partition. See the table under Partitioning Recommendations, in particular the MBR Block Device (fdisk) and MBR Code columns. fdisk works just like gdisk, but creates legacy MBR partition tables instead of the newer GPT/GUID partition tables.

Advanced users may be interested in the following topics:

• GUID Booting Guide
• Rootfs over encrypted lvm
• Rootfs over encrypted lvm over raid-1 on GPT
• NEW! ZFS Install Guide (Also contains instructions for Rootfs over Encrypted ZFS!)

Using gdisk

The first step after booting SystemRescueCd is to use gdisk to create GPT (also known as GUID) partitions, specifying the disk you want to use, which is typically /dev/sda, the first disk in the system:

root # gdisk /dev/sda

You should find gdisk very similar to fdisk. Here is the partition table we want to end up with:

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 234441648 sectors, 111.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): A4E5208A-CED3-4263-BB25-7147DC426931
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 234441614
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048          206847   500.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystem
   2          206848          272383   32.0 MiB    EF02  BIOS boot partition
   3          272384         8660991   4.0 GiB     8200  Linux swap
   4         8660992       234441614   107.7 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem

Command (? for help): 

Above, you'll see that we have a 500 MiB boot partition, a 32 MiB "BIOS boot partition" (also known as the GRUB boot loader partition), 4 GiB of swap, and the remaining disk used by a 107.7 GiB root partition.

For new gdisk users

These partitions were created using the "n" command from within gdisk. The gdisk commands to create the partition table above are as follows. Adapt sizes as necessary, although these defaults will work for most users. The partition codes entered below can be found in the Partitioning Recommendations table below, in the GPT Code column.

Within gdisk, follow these steps:

Create Partition 1 (boot):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 1 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +500M ↵
Hex Code: ↵

Create Partition 2 (GRUB):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 2 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +32M ↵
Hex Code: EF02 ↵

Create Partition 3 (swap):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 3 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +4G ↵
Hex Code: 8200 ↵

Create Partition 4 (root):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 4 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: ↵ (for rest of disk)
Hex Code: ↵

Along the way, you can type "p" and hit Enter to view your current partition table. If you make a mistake, you can type "d" to delete an existing partition that you created. When you are satisfied with your partition setup, type "w" to write your configuration to disk:

Write Partition Table To Disk:

Command: w ↵
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y ↵

The partition table will now be written to disk and gdisk will close.

Now, your GPT/GUID partitions have been created, and will show up as the following block devices under Linux:

• /dev/sda1, which will be used to hold the /boot filesystem,
• /dev/sda2, which will be used directly by the new GRUB,
• /dev/sda3, which will be used for swap space, and
• /dev/sda4, which will hold your root filesystem.

For Previous fdisk users

If you have installed Gentoo Linux before, the one thing that is likely new to you here is the GRUB boot loader partition, which is listed as "BIOS boot partition" within gdisk. This partition is required for GRUB 2 to boot GPT/GUID boot disks. What is it? In GRUB-speak, this partition is essentially the location of the meat of GRUB's boot loading code. If you've used GRUB Legacy in the past, this partition is where the new GRUB stores the equivalent of the stage1_5 and stage2 files in legacy GRUB. Since GPT-based partition tables have less dead space at the beginning of the disk than their MBR equivalents, an explicitly defined partition of code EF02 is required to hold the guts of the boot loader.

In all other respects, the partition table is similar to that which you might create for an MBR-based disk during a Gentoo Linux installation. We have a boot and a root partition with code 0700, and a Linux swap partition with code 8200.

Partitioning Recommendations

Below are our partitioning recommendations in table form. For GPT-based partitions, use the GPT Block Device and GPT Code columns with gdisk. For legacy MBR-based partitions, use the MBR Block Device and MBR code columns with fdisk:

Partition	Size	MBR Block Device (fdisk)	GPT Block Device (gdisk)	Filesystem	MBR Code	GPT Code
/boot	500 MB	/dev/sda1	/dev/sda1	ext2	83	8300
GRUB boot loader partition	32 MB	not required for MBR	/dev/sda2	For GPT/GUID only, skip for MBR - no filesystem.	N/A	EF02
swap	2x RAM for low-memory systems and production servers; otherwise 2GB.	/dev/sda2	/dev/sda3	swap (default)	82	8200
/ (root)	Rest of the disk, minimum of 10GB.	/dev/sda3	/dev/sda4	ext4 recommended, alternatively XFS	83	8300
/home (optional)	User storage and media. Typically most of the disk.	/dev/sda4 (if created)	/dev/sda5 (if created)	ext4 recommended, alternatively XFS	83	8300
LVM (optional)	If you want to create an LVM volume.	/dev/sda4 (PV, if created)	/dev/sda5 (PV, if created)	LVM PV	8E	8E00

Creating filesystems

Before your newly-created partitions can be used, the block devices need to be initialized with filesystem metadata. This process is known as creating a filesystem on the block devices. After filesystems are created on the block devices, they can be mounted and used to store files.

You will not create a filesystem on your swap partition, but will initialize it using the mkswap command so that it can be used as disk-based virtual memory. Then we'll run the swapon command to make your newly-initialized swap space active within the live CD environment, in case it is needed during the rest of the install process.

Note that we will not create a filesystem on the GRUB boot loader partition, as GRUB writes binary data directly to that partition when the boot loader is installed, which we'll do later.

You can see the commands you will need to type below. Like the rest of this document, it assumes that you are using a GPT partitioning scheme. If you are using MBR, your root filesystem will likely be created on /dev/sda3 instead and you will need to adjust the target block devices. If you are following our recommendations, then simply do this:

root # mke2fs -t ext2 /dev/sda1 
root # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda4
root # mkswap /dev/sda3
root # swapon /dev/sda3

XFS filesystem is incompatible with CONFIG_USER_NS config option in kernel (required for LXC) for XFS filesystem:

root # mke2fs -t ext2 /dev/sda1 
root # mkfs.xfs /dev/sda4
root # mkswap /dev/sda3
root # swapon /dev/sda3

Mounting filesystems

Mount the newly-created filesystems as follows, creating /mnt/funtoo as the installation mount point:

root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo
root # mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/funtoo
root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo/boot
root # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/funtoo/boot

Optionally, if you have a separate filesystem for /home or anything else:

root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo/home
root # mount /dev/sda5 /mnt/funtoo/home

If you have /tmp or /var/tmp on a separate filesystem, be sure to change the permissions of the mount point to be globally-writeable after mounting, as follows:

root # chmod 1777 /mnt/funtoo/tmp

Installing the Stage 3 tarball

Stage 3 tarball

After creating filesystems, the next step is downloading the initial Stage 3 tarball. The Stage 3 is a pre-compiled system used as a starting point to install Funtoo Linux. Visit the Download page and copy the URL to the Stage 3 tarball you want to use. We will download it soon.

   Important

If your system's date and time are too far off (typically by months or years,) then it may prevent Portage from properly downloading source tarballs. This is because some of our sources are downloaded via HTTPS, which use SSL certificates and are marked with an activation and expiration date.

Now is a good time to verify the date and time are correctly set to UTC. Use the date command to verify the date and time:

root # date
Fri Jul 15 19:47:18 UTC 2011

If the date and/or time need to be corrected, do so using date MMDDhhmmYYYY, keeping in mind hhmm are in 24-hour format. The example below changes the date and time to "July 16th, 2011 @ 8:00PM" UTC:

root # date 071620002011
Fri Jul 16 20:00:00 UTC 2011

Once you are in your Funtoo Linux root filesystem, use wget to download the Stage 3 tarball you have chosen from the Download page to use as the basis for your new Funtoo Linux system. It should be saved to the /mnt/funtoo directory as follows:

root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-64bit/generic_64/stage3-latest.tar.xz

Note that 64-bit systems can run 32-bit or 64-bit stages, but 32-bit systems can only run 32-bit stages. Make sure that you select a Stage 3 build that is appropriate for your CPU. If you are not certain, it is a safe bet to choose the generic_64 or generic_32 stage. Consult the Download page for more information.

Once the stage is downloaded, extract the contents with the following command, substituting in the actual name of your stage 3 tarball:

root # tar xJpf stage3-latest.tar.xz

   Important

It is very important to use tar's "p" option when extracting the Stage 3 tarball - it tells tar to preserve any permissions and ownership that exist within the archive. Without this option, your Funtoo Linux filesystem permissions will be incorrect.

Chroot into Funtoo

Before chrooting into your new system, there's a few things that need to be done first. You will need to mount /proc and /dev inside your new system. Use the following commands:

root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # mount -t proc none proc
root # mount --rbind /sys sys
root # mount --rbind /dev dev

You'll also want to copy over resolv.conf in order to have proper DNS name resolution from inside the chroot:

root # cp /etc/resolv.conf etc

Now you can chroot into your new system. Use env before chroot to ensure that no environment variables from the installation media are used by your new system:

root # env -i HOME=/root TERM=$TERM /bin/bash
root # chroot . /bin/bash -l

   Note

Users of live CDs with 64-bit kernels: Some software may use uname -r to check whether the system is 32 or 64-bit. You may want append linux32 to the chroot command as a workaround, but it's generally not needed.

   Important

If you receive the error "chroot: failed to run command `/bin/bash': Exec format error", it is probably because you are running a 32-bit kernel and trying to execute 64-bit code. SystemRescueCd boots with a 32-bit kernel by default.

It's also a good idea to change the default command prompt while inside the chroot. This will avoid confusion if you have to change terminals. Use this command:

root # export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

Congratulations! You are now chrooted inside a Funtoo Linux system. Now it's time to get Funtoo Linux properly configured so that Funtoo Linux will boot successfully when your system is restarted.

Downloading the Portage tree

   Note

For an alternative way to do this, see Installing Portage From Snapshot.

Now it's time to install a copy of the Portage repository, which contains package scripts (ebuilds) that tell portage how to build and install thousands of different software packages. To create the Portage repository, simply run emerge --sync from within the chroot. This will automatically clone the portage tree from GitHub:

(chroot) # emerge --sync

   Important

If you receive the error with initial emerge --sync due to git protocol restrictions, change SYNC variable in /etc/portage/make.conf

SYNC="https://github.com/funtoo/ports-2012.git"

Configuring your system

As is expected from a Linux distribution, Funtoo Linux has its share of configuration files. The one file you are absolutely required to edit in order to ensure that Funtoo Linux boots successfully is /etc/fstab. The others are optional. Here are a list of files that you should consider editing:

File	Do I need to change it?	Description
/etc/fstab	YES - required	Mount points for all filesystems to be used at boot time. This file must reflect your disk partition setup. We'll guide you through modifying this file below.
/etc/localtime	Maybe - recommended	Your timezone, which will default to UTC if not set. This should be a symbolic link to something located under /usr/share/zoneinfo (e.g. /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Montreal)
/etc/make.conf /etc/portage/make.conf (new location)	Maybe - recommended	Parameters used by gcc (compiler), portage, and make. It's a good idea to set MAKEOPTS. This is covered later in this document.
/etc/conf.d/hostname	Maybe - recommended	Used to set system hostname. Set to the fully-qualified (with dots) name. Defaults to localhost if not set.
/etc/hosts	No	You no longer need to manually set the hostname in this file. This file is automatically generated by /etc/init.d/hostname.
/etc/conf.d/keymaps	Optional	Keyboard mapping configuration file (for console pseudo-terminals). Set if you have a non-US keyboard. See Funtoo Linux Localization.
/etc/conf.d/hwclock	Optional	How the time of the battery-backed hardware clock of the system is interpreted (UTC or local time). Linux uses the battery-backed hardware clock to initialize the system clock when the system is booted.
/etc/conf.d/modules	Optional	Kernel modules to load automatically at system startup. Typically not required. See Additional Kernel Resources for more info.
profiles	Optional	Some useful portage settings that may help speed up intial configuration.

If you're installing an English version of Funtoo Linux, you're in luck as most of the configuration files can be used as-is. If you're installing for another locale, don't worry. We will walk you through the necessary configuration steps on the Funtoo Linux Localization page, and if needed, there's always plenty of friendly, helpful support. (See Community)

Let's go ahead and see what we have to do. Use nano -w <name_of_file> to edit files -- the "-w" disables word-wrapping, which is handy when editing configuration files. You can copy and paste from the examples.

   Warning

It's important to edit your /etc/fstab file before you reboot! You will need to modify both the "fs" and "type" columns to match the settings for your partitions and filesystems that you created with gdisk or fdisk. Skipping this step may prevent Funtoo Linux from booting successfully.

/etc/fstab

/etc/fstab is used by the mount command which is ran when your system boots. Statements of this file inform mount about partitions to be mounted and how they are mounted. In order for the system to boot properly, you must edit /etc/fstab and ensure that it reflects the partition configuration you used earlier:

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/fstab

You can use arrow keys to move around and hit Control-X to exit. If you want to save your changes, type "Y" when asked if you want to save the modified buffer, or hit Control-O before closing nano. Otherwise your changes will be discarded.

# The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
# All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
#
# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
#
# See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
#
# <fs>	     <mountpoint>  <type>  <opts>         <dump/pass>

/dev/sda1    /boot         ext2    noatime        1 2
/dev/sda3    none          swap    sw             0 0
/dev/sda4    /             ext4    noatime        0 1
#/dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom    auto    noauto,ro      0 0

/etc/localtime

/etc/localtime is used to specify the timezone that your machine is in, and defaults to UTC. If you would like your Funtoo Linux system to use local time, you should replace /etc/localtime with a symbolic link to the timezone that you wish to use.

(chroot) # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Montreal /etc/localtime

The above sets the timezone to Eastern Time Canada. Go to /usr/share/zoneinfo to see which values to use.

/etc/make.conf

   Note

This file is the symlink to /etc/portage/make.conf, new default location, edit /etc/portage/make.conf.

MAKEOPTS can be used to define how many parallel compilations should occur when you compile a package, which can speed up compilation significantly. A rule of thumb is the number of CPUs (or CPU threads) in your system plus one. If for example you have a dual core processor without hyper-threading, then you would set MAKEOPTS to 3:

MAKEOPTS="-j3" 

If you are unsure about how many processors/threads you have then use /proc/cpuinfo to help you.

(chroot) # grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l
16

Set MAKEOPTS to this number plus one:

MAKEOPTS="-j17"

USE flags define what functionality is enabled when packages are built. It is not recommended to add a lot of them during installation; you should wait until you have a working, bootable system before changing your USE flags. A USE flag prefixed with a minus ("-") sign tells Portage not to use the flag when compiling. A Funtoo guide to USE flags will be available in the future. For now, you can find out more information about USE flags in the Gentoo Handbook.

LINGUAS tells Portage which local language to compile the system and applications in (those who use LINGUAS variable like OpenOffice). It is not usually necessary to set this if you use English. If you want another language such as French (fr) or German (de), set LINGUAS appropriately:

LINGUAS="fr"

/etc/conf.d/hwclock

If you dual-boot with Windows, you'll need to edit this file and change clock to local, because Windows will set your hardware clock to local time every time you boot Windows. Otherwise you normally wouldn't need to edit this file.

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

Localization

By default, Funtoo Linux is configured with Unicode (UTF-8) enabled, and for the US English locale and keyboard. If you would like to configure your system to use a non-English locale or keyboard, see Funtoo Linux Localization.

Profiles

Funtoo profiles are used to define defaults for Portage specific to your needs. There are 4 basic profile types: arch, build, flavor, and mix-ins:

arch

typically x86-32bit or x86-64bit, this defines the processor type and support of your system. This is defined when your stage was built and should not be changed.

build

defines whether your system is a current, stable or experimental build. current systems will have newer packages unmasked than stable systems.

flavor

defines the general type of system, such as server or desktop, and will set default USE flags appropriate for your needs.

mix-ins

define various optional settings that you may be interested in enabling.

One arch, build and flavor must be set for each Funtoo Linux system, while mix-ins are optional and you can enable more than one if desired.

Remember that profiles can often be inherited. For example, the desktop flavor inherits the workstation flavor settings, which in turn inherits the X and audio mix-ins. You can view this by using eselect:

(chroot) # eselect profile show
Currently set profiles:
    arch: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
   build: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
  flavor: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde

Automatically enabled profiles:
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
 mix-ins: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras

To view installed profiles:

(chroot) # eselect profile list

To change the profile flavor:

(chroot) # eselect profile set-flavor 7

To add a mix-in:

(chroot) # eselect profile add 10

Configuring and installing the Linux kernel

Now it's time to build and install a Linux kernel, which is the heart of any Funtoo Linux system. In the past, the process of creating a kernel that actually booted your system could be time-consuming and require a great deal of trial and error. Fortunately, Funtoo Linux offers an option to automatically build a kernel for you that will boot nearly all systems.

If you are unfamiliar with how to manually configure your own kernel, or you simply want to get your system up and running quickly, you can emerge debian-sources with the binary USE flag set, which will automatically build the kernel and an initrd that will boot nearly all Funtoo Linux systems. This kernel is based on a linux-3.2 LTS official debian kernel package and is an easy way to get your system up and running relatively quickly.

Click here for a list of all architectures the Debian kernel supports.

   Important

debian-sources with binary USE flag requires at least 12GB in /var/tmp

(chroot) # echo "sys-kernel/debian-sources binary" >> /etc/portage/package.use
(chroot) # emerge debian-sources

All done!

   Note

NVIDIA card users: the binary USE flag installs the Nouveau drivers which cannot be loaded at the same time as the proprietary drivers, and cannot be unloaded at runtime because of KMS. You need to blacklist it under /etc/modprobe.d/.

   Note

For an overview of other kernel options for Funtoo Linux, see Funtoo Linux Kernels. There maybe modules that the Debian kernel doesn't include, a situation where genkernel would be useful. Also be sure to see hardware compatibility information. We have compiled a very good reference for Dell PowerEdge 11G Servers that includes kernel compatibility information as well..

The next step is to configure your boot loader so that your new kernel loads when the system boots.

Installing a Bootloader

Installing Grub

The boot loader is responsible for loading the kernel from disk when your computer boots. For new installations, GRUB 2 and Funtoo's boot-update tool should be used as a boot loader. GRUB supports both GPT/GUID and legacy MBR partitioning schemes.

To use this recommended boot method, first emerge boot-update. This will also cause grub-2 to be merged, since it is a dependency of boot-update.

(chroot) # emerge boot-update

Then, edit /etc/boot.conf and specify "Funtoo Linux genkernel" as the default setting at the top of the file, replacing "Funtoo Linux".

/etc/boot.conf should now look like this:

boot {
        generate grub
        default "Funtoo Linux genkernel"
        timeout 3 
}

"Funtoo Linux" {
        kernel bzImage[-v]
        # params += nomodeset
}

"Funtoo Linux genkernel" {
        kernel kernel[-v]
        initrd initramfs[-v]
        params += real_root=auto 
        # params += nomodeset
} 

Please read man boot.conf for further details.

Running grub-install and boot-update

Finally, we will need to actually install the GRUB boot loader to your disk, and also run boot-update which will generate your boot loader configuration file:

(chroot) # grub-install --no-floppy /dev/sda
(chroot) # boot-update

You only need to run grub-install when you first install Funtoo Linux, but you need to re-run boot-update every time you modify your /etc/boot.conf file, so your changes are applied on next boot.

OK - your system should be ready to boot! Well, there are a few more loose ends...

Installing Syslinux/Extlinux

An alternate Bootloader is Extlinux, for installing it see the extlinux Guide.

Configuring your network

It's important to ensure that you will be able to connect to your local-area network after you reboot into Funtoo Linux. There are three approaches you can use for configuring your network: NetworkManager, dhcpcd, and the Funtoo Linux Networking scripts. Here's how to choose which one to use based on the type of network you want to set up.

Wi-Fi

For laptop/mobile systems where you will be using Wi-Fi and connecting to various networks, NetworkManager is strongly recommended. The Funtoo version of NetworkManager is fully functional even from the command-line, so you can use it even without X or without the Network Manager applet. Here are the steps involved in setting up NetworkManager:

root # emerge linux-firmware
root # emerge networkmanager
root # rc-update add NetworkManager default

Above, we installed linux-firmware which contains a complete collection of available firmware for many hardware devices including Wi-Fi adapters, plus NetworkManager to manage our network connection. Then we added NetworkManager to the default runlevel so it will start when Funtoo Linux boots.

After you reboot into Funtoo Linux, you will be able to add a Wi-Fi connection this way:

root # addwifi -S wpa -K 'wifipassword' mywifinetwork

The addwifi command is used to configure and connect to a WPA/WPA2 Wi-Fi network named mywifinetwork with the password wifipassword. This network configuration entry is stored in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections so that it will be remembered in the future. You should only need to enter this command once for each Wi-Fi network you connect to.

Desktop (Wired Ethernet)

For a home desktop or workstation with wired Ethernet that will use DHCP, the simplest and most effective option to enable network connectivity is to simply add dhcpcd to the default runlevel:

root # rc-update add dhcpcd default

When you reboot, dhcpcd will run in the background and manage all network interfaces and use DHCP to acquire network addresses from a DHCP server.

Server (Static IP)

For servers, the Funtoo Linux Networking scripts are recommended. They are optimized for static configurations and things like virtual ethernet bridging for virtualization setups. See Funtoo Linux Networking for information on how to use Funtoo Linux's template-based network configuration system.

Finishing Steps

Set your root password

It's imperative that you set your root password before rebooting so that you can log in.

(chroot) # passwd

Restart your system

Now is the time to leave chroot, to unmount Funtoo Linux partitions and files and to restart your computer. When you restart, the GRUB boot loader will start, load the Linux kernel and initramfs, and your system will begin booting.

Leave the chroot, change directory to /, unmount your Funtoo partitions, and reboot.

(chroot) # exit
root # cd /
root # umount -l /mnt/funtoo/boot /mnt/funtoo/dev /mnt/funtoo/proc /mnt/funtoo
root # reboot

You should now see your system reboot, the GRUB boot loader appear for a few seconds, and then see the Linux kernel and initramfs loading. After this, you should see Funtoo Linux itself start to boot, and you should be greeted with a login: prompt. Funtoo Linux has been successfully installed!

Next Steps

If you have not used Portage before, then be sure to check out our quick introduction to Emerge.

To learn how to customize and start using Funtoo Linux, see Funtoo Linux First Steps.

If your system did not boot correctly, see Installation Troubleshooting for steps you can take to resolve the problem.