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Si usted no tiene experiencia trabajando con Gentoo o Funtoo Linux, esta página le ayudará a familiarizarse con su nuevo sistema y su funcionamiento.

== Introducció a  Emerge: Cómo instalar un editor ==

Los editores preinstalados en Funtoo Linux son {{c|nano}} y {{c|vi}}.  {{c|nano}} es el editor por defecto.

Si usted es un usuario nuevo de Funtoo Linux probablemente ya sabe algo sobre {{c|[[emerge]]}}, un comando utilizado en Funtoo y Gentoo para instalar paquetes desde el árbol de Portage. Funtoo Linux tiene un árbol de Portage basado  en git, que está localizado de manera predeterminada en  el directorio {{f|/var/git/meta-repo}}. Este directorio contiene "scripts" llamados "ebuilds" que describen cómo construir e instalar paquetes desde su fuente (o "source" en inglés).  El comando  {{c|emerge}} se usa para ejecutar esos scripts e instalar los paquetes de la siguiente manera:

<console>
# ##i##emerge vim
</console>

Es importante aclarar que cualquier comando que usted especifique en la línea de comandos de  {{c|emerge}} será añadido al set de Portage. Lo anterior significa que, de ahora en adelante, Portage asumirá que el usuario quiere mantender ese paquete actualizado como parte de su sistema.

Usar la opción  {{c|--pretend}} ({{c|-p}}) es útil para prever lo que {{c|emerge}} ''habría ejecutado" sin necesidad de ejecutar el programa en realidad.
<console>
# ##i##emerge -p vim
</console>

Otra opción muy útil es {{c|-a}}, or {{c|--ask}} porque presenta una lista de paquetes que serán instalados y requiere la confirmación del usuario para completar el proceso.  En inglés, los usuarios de Funtoo y Gentoo usan la expresión "merged" (fusionar)  para describir la instalación de paquetes, porque estos se fusionan al árbol de Portage.

{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge -a emacs

##g##These are the packages that would be merged, in order:

Calculating dependencies... done!
[##g##ebuild  N     ##!g##] ##g##app-admin/eselect-emacs-1.13 
[##g##ebuild  N     ##!g##] ##g##net-libs/liblockfile-1.09 
[##g##ebuild  N     ##!g##] ##g##app-emacs/emacs-common-gentoo-1.3-r1##!g##  USE="##bl##-X -emacs22icons##!bl##" 
[##g##ebuild  N     ##!g##] ##g####b##app-editors/emacs-23.4-r1##!g####!b##  USE="##r##alsa gif gpm jpeg png tiff xpm ##!r####bl##-X -Xaw3d ##!bl##(##bl##-aqua##!bl##)##bl## -athena -dbus -gconf -gtk -gzip-el -hesiod -kerberos -livecd -m17n-lib -motif -sound -source -svg -toolkit-scroll-bars -xft##!bl##" 
[##g##ebuild  N     ##!g##] ##g##virtual/emacs-23 

##b##Would you like to merge these packages? [##g##Yes##!g##/##r##No##!r##]##!b##  ##i##y
}}

=== USE Variables ===

In the above {{c|emerge}} output, you can see some text beginning with {{c|1=USE=}} on the {{c|app-editors/emacs}} line. This means that this package has a number of optional build-time features which can be controlled using Portage USE variables. 

It is possible to enable USE variables globally in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}, on a per-package basis in {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}, or as logical sets by using [[Funtoo Profiles]]. It's recommended that you first take a look at [[Funtoo Profiles]] and see if there may be sets of USE variables that you want to enable as a group. You can set your system ''flavor'' to more accurately reflect the intended use of your Funtoo system, and by doing so, many more USE variables will be set (or unset) to reasonable defaults for your intended use.

These USE variables can be set globally by adding a line such as this to {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}:

{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body=
USE="gif jpeg png tiff xpm"
}}

Or, alternatively, you can enable just these USE variables for emacs by adding the following line to {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}:

{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/package.use|body=
app-editors/emacs gif jpeg png tiff xpm
}}

However, it's generally best to find a [[Funtoo Profiles|Funtoo Profile]] flavor or mix-in that serves your purpose. For example, setting your system to be a desktop by running {{c|epro flavor desktop}} or adding the appropriate mix-in via {{c|epro mix-in +mediaformat-gfx-common}} gives you more opportunity to dial in sets of related USE variables with a single command.

See the [[emerge]] page for more information on various emerge command-line options and best practices.

==== Default editor ====

Funtoo Linux also has a special meta-command called {{c|eselect}}, which can be used to set many default system settings. One of the things it is used for is to set the default editor used by things like {{c|crontab -e}}, etc that will automatically start an editor when run. Here is how to use {{c|eselect}} to change the default system editor:

{{console|body=
# ##i##eselect editor list
Available targets for the EDITOR variable:
  [1]   /bin/nano
  [2]   /bin/ed
  [3]   /usr/bin/ex
  [4]   /usr/bin/vi
  [ ]   (free form)
# ##i##eselect editor set 4
Setting EDITOR to /usr/bin/vi ...
Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell.
}}

After logging in again, or typing {{c|source /etc/profile}} in the current shell, the new system editor will be active.

Note that if you want to use vim instead of a vi through busybox you also need to run:

{{console|body=
# ##i##eselect vi set vim
}}

=== Updating your system ===

Sometimes, you may want to update the packages on your system. Often, this is done after you run {{c|ego sync}}, which will grab Portage tree updates from the main Funtoo Linux Portage tree:

{{console|body=
# ##i##ego sync
##g##Syncing meta-repo
(cd /var/git/meta-repo && git remote set-branches --add origin master)
(cd /var/git/meta-repo && git fetch origin refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master)
remote: Counting objects: 95, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (64/64), done.
remote: Total 95 (delta 31), reused 95 (delta 31), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (95/95), done.
}}

You may also want to update your system after you have changed USE flag settings. To take advantage of the USE flags you have just enabled, it's necessary to recompile everything that includes them. 

Below, you'll find a recommended {{c|emerge}} command for updating your entire system. The <tt>-a</tt> option will cause <tt>emerge</tt> to prompt you for confirmation before starting the merge:

{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge -auDN @world
}}

{{c|-u}} tells {{c|emerge}} to update any already-installed but out-of-date packages that we specify on the command-line. The {{c|-D}} option tells {{c|emerge}} to perform a ''deep'' dependency tree graph, so it will include sub-dependencies of packages that we have specified on the command line as well. This allows {{c|emerge}} to perform as thorough an update of your system as possible. 

The {{c|-N}} ({{c|--newuse}}) option tells Portage to check for any new USE flags that have been enabled or disabled, and rebuild packages so that all USE flags are set as currently defined in [[Funtoo Profiles]], {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}} and {{f|/etc/portage/package.use}}. 

<tt>world</tt> is a "meta-package" or "package set" which includes every package that you have manually installed plus all packages in the system set. If you want to see a list of all these packages, look at {{f|/var/lib/portage/world}}:

{{console|body=
# ##i##cat /var/lib/portage/world
app-editors/vim
app-portage/eix
app-portage/gentoolkit
dev-vcs/git
net-misc/bridge-utils
net-misc/dhcpcd
net-misc/keychain
sys-apps/gptfdisk
sys-apps/pciutils
sys-devel/bc
sys-fs/reiserfsprogs
sys-kernel/vanilla-sources
}}
==== Updating a few packages ====

If we simply wanted to rebuild a few packages to reflect updated USE flag settings, we could specify it instead of <tt>world</tt>. Be sure to include the <tt>-N</tt> option:

<console>
# ##i##emerge -auDN vim emacs
</console>

== Useful applications for daily usage ==

Here are some other packages you may want to consider installing via <tt>emerge</tt>:

;<tt>app-misc/screen</tt>: Allows you to have persistent login sessions.
;<tt>app-misc/tmux</tt>: Similar to <tt>screen</tt> -- some people prefer it.
;<tt>app-admin/sudo</tt>: Grant root privileges to selected users and command combinations.
;<tt>sys-process/htop</tt>: Colorful and informative text-based process list.
;<tt>sys-process/glances</tt>: Similar to htop, includes disc I/O and network I/O in display.
;<tt>app-portage/eix</tt>: Quick portage package search
;<tt>app-portage/gentoolkit</tt>: Portage utils
;<tt>app-misc/mc</tt>: GNU Midnight Commander is a text based file manager --- some will recall <tt>MS-DOS XtreeGold</tt>
;<tt>app-text/wgetpaste</tt>: Command-line interface to various pastebins; very useful in providing info along with bugs reports 
;<tt>net-irc/irssi</tt>: A modular textUI IRC client with IPv6 support; a powerful tool to get help from Funtoo Community on IRC channel. Nice companion to <tt>app-text/wgetpaste</tt>

<console>
# ##i##emerge --jobs app-misc/screen sudo htop eix gentoolkit app-misc/mc wgetpaste net-irc/irssi
</console>

=== Creating a user account ===

It's a good idea to create a normal user account that you can use for general Linux tasks. Before rebooting, create a user account for everyday use. Adjust the groups in the example below to match your needs. Some of them may not exist yet on your system. Replace "<tt><user_name></tt>" with the name you're going to use for your everyday user. The "<tt>-m</tt>" option instructs <tt>useradd</tt> to create a home directory for your user. See <tt>man useradd</tt> for more info.

<console>
# ##i##useradd -m -G audio,video,cdrom,wheel,users <user_name>
</console>
Don't forget to set a password for your new user:
<console>
# ##i##passwd <user_name>
</console>

Check [[Package:Sudo]] to enable sudo.

== Installing a graphical environment ==

If you intend on using your Funtoo Linux installation for more than system administration, chances are you're going to want to have a GUI (graphical user interface). In the past, setting one up involved wading through text files and man pages. Thanks to modern tools like udev this is no longer the case.

Unlike most operating systems, Funtoo does not ship with a GUI pre-installed. If you've used Windows or Mac OS, you'd also know that their interfaces cannot be replaced easily. With Linux, the opposite is true -- you are free to choose from a huge selection of GUIs. From window managers such as Blackbox, IceWM, and xmonad, to fully-featured desktop environments like GNOME and KDE, the possibilities are vast in number.

The first step in setting up a graphical environment is to set up the [[X Window System]]. Then, you will be able to install the graphical environment of your choice. [[GNOME First Steps|GNOME]] is a popular option for new users. [[KDE Plasma 5|KDE Plasma]] and [http://www.funtoo.org/Package:Xfce4-meta XFCE] are popular alternatives.

[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:Install]]
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