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Difference between revisions of "Install/Bootloader"

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(added UEFI troubleshooting section - after BIOS update I had to do it in order to boot, maybe it will be useful for other people (especially if they couldn't boot after fresh install))
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==== boot.conf ====
Next, edit {{c|/etc/boot.conf}} using {{c|nano}} and specify "{{c|Funtoo Linux genkernel}}" as the {{c|default}} setting at the top of the file, replacing {{c|"Funtoo Linux"}}.
 
==== NVIDIA Graphics Card Users ==== <!--T:219-->
 
<!--T:220-->
If you have NVIDIA graphics and plan to set up a graphical environment, you have a couple of choices when it comes to graphics drivers -- the proprietary NVIDIA drivers provided by NVIDIA corporation itself, or the Open Source Nouveau drivers. If you don't know which to choose, we recommend starting with the proprietary NVIDIA drivers first for optimal performance on a wider range of hardware.
 
<!--T:221-->
;If using proprietary NVIDIA graphics...: It is safe to leave the {{c|nomodeset}} parameter in {{c|/etc/boot.conf}} as the proprietary drivers handle setting the graphics mode themselves. However, you will need to ''blacklist the nouveau modules'' so they do not load upon boot. See [[Package:NVIDIA_Linux_Display_Drivers|the NVIDIA Linux Display Drivers page]] for information on how to get these drivers set up.
 
<!--T:222-->
;If using Nouveau...: {{c|nomodeset}} should be ''should be removed'' as explained in the '''Other Graphics Cards''' section below.
 
==== Other Graphics Cards ==== <!--T:223-->
 
<!--T:224-->
Most users, particularly those who plan on setting up a graphical environment, will want to eventually remove {{c|nomodeset}} from {{c|params}} in {{f|/etc/make.conf}}. {{c|nomodeset}} prevents the kernel from changing graphics modes at boot.  This option is in {{c|/etc/boot.conf}} by default for a couple of good reasons:
 
<!--T:225-->
* '''For users with HiDPI (4K+) displays''': when the kernel automatically changes graphics modes, the console font can be tiny and unreadable.
* '''For users with incompatible graphics cards''': Some graphics cards don't handle mode setting properly and this can result in a blank screen after reboot.
 
<!--T:226-->
Disabling mode setting is therefore a good, safe option for initial installs of Funtoo Linux, but most users will ''want to remove this option.''
 
<!--T:227-->
This is because essentially all graphics drivers (the big exception being the proprietary NVIDIA drivers) rely on mode setting to set the graphics mode of your display. So most users ''will need to remove it'', and run {{c|ego boot update}} and reboot before they set up X or Wayland. Otherwise, X will not be able to initialize the display. Of course, you can also choose to remove it now and then you won't need to remember to remove it later :)


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<!--T:199-->
{{c|/etc/boot.conf}} should now look like this:
{{c|/etc/boot.conf}} controls boot loader configuration in Funtoo. Here is what is in the file by default:


<!--T:200-->
<!--T:200-->
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boot {
boot {
generate grub
generate grub
default "Funtoo Linux genkernel"  
default "Funtoo Linux"
timeout 3  
timeout 3
}
}


<!--T:228-->
"Funtoo Linux" {
"Funtoo Linux" {
kernel bzImage[-v]
kernel kernel[-v]
initrd initramfs[-v]
params += real_root=auto rootfstype=auto
}
}


<!--T:229-->
"Funtoo Linux (nomodeset)" {
"Funtoo Linux genkernel" {
kernel kernel[-v]
kernel kernel[-v]
initrd initramfs[-v]
initrd initramfs[-v]
 
params += real_root=auto rootfstype=auto nomodeset
        <!--T:230-->
# IMPORTANT: Most users -- remember to REMOVE nomodeset below!
 
<!--T:231-->
params += real_root=auto rootfstype=auto nomodeset
}
}
}}
}}
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<!--T:203-->
<!--T:203-->
If you are booting a custom or non-default kernel, please read {{c|man boot.conf}} for information on the various options available to you.
If you are booting a custom or non-default kernel, please read {{c|man boot.conf}} for information on the various options available to you.
==== nomodeset ====
You will notice after booting that you there will be a boot option in the GRUB menu for a "nomodeset" mode. We don't recommend you use this mode by default but it is available to you for a couple of good reasons:
<!--T:225-->
* '''For users with HiDPI (4K+) displays, especially laptops''': If you have not set up a graphical environment, when the kernel automatically changes graphics modes, the console font can be tiny and unreadable.
* '''For users with incompatible graphics cards''': Some graphics cards don't handle mode setting properly and this can result in a blank screen after reboot. Use this boot option as a temporary workaround.
To use the {{c|nomodeset}} option, simply select that option from the GRUB menu when your system boots.


=== Intel Microcode === <!--T:232-->
=== Intel Microcode === <!--T:232-->

Revision as of 13:53, September 2, 2020

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Install Guide: Bootloader

Install Guide, Chapter 14 < Prev Next >

boot.conf Configuration

These install instructions show you how to use GRUB to boot using BIOS (legacy) or UEFI.

ego boot update (ego boot) is installed by default, but GRUB is not, as it is not required for all Funtoo Linux systems (such as containers, for example.) But for booting on bare metal, it is the recommended and best-supported boot loader, so you will need to emerge it: 

chroot # emerge -av grub

boot.conf

/etc/boot.conf controls boot loader configuration in Funtoo. Here is what is in the file by default:

   /etc/boot.conf 
boot {
	generate grub
	default "Funtoo Linux"
	timeout 3
}

"Funtoo Linux" {
	kernel kernel[-v]
	initrd initramfs[-v]
	params += real_root=auto rootfstype=auto
}

"Funtoo Linux (nomodeset)" {
	kernel kernel[-v]
	initrd initramfs[-v]
	params += real_root=auto rootfstype=auto nomodeset
}

If you are booting a custom or non-default kernel, please read man boot.conf for information on the various options available to you.

nomodeset

You will notice after booting that you there will be a boot option in the GRUB menu for a "nomodeset" mode. We don't recommend you use this mode by default but it is available to you for a couple of good reasons:

  • For users with HiDPI (4K+) displays, especially laptops: If you have not set up a graphical environment, when the kernel automatically changes graphics modes, the console font can be tiny and unreadable.
  • For users with incompatible graphics cards: Some graphics cards don't handle mode setting properly and this can result in a blank screen after reboot. Use this boot option as a temporary workaround.

To use the nomodeset option, simply select that option from the GRUB menu when your system boots.


Intel Microcode

ego boot will ensure that you have the most recent Intel CPU microcode installed on your system if you emerge the following packages: 

chroot # emerge intel-microcode iucode_tool

This is not necessary for AMD systems.

Old School (BIOS) MBR

When using "old school" BIOS booting, run the following command to install GRUB to your MBR, and generate the /boot/grub/grub.cfg configuration file that GRUB will use for booting: 

chroot # grub-install --target=i386-pc --no-floppy /dev/sdX
chroot # ego boot update

New School (UEFI) Boot Entry

If you're using "new school" UEFI booting, run of the following sets of commands, depending on whether you are installing a 64-bit or 32-bit system. This will add GRUB as a UEFI boot entry.

For x86-64bit systems: 

chroot # mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
chroot # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id="Funtoo Linux [GRUB]" --recheck /dev/sda
chroot # ego boot update

For x86-32bit systems: 

chroot # mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
chroot # grub-install --target=i386-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id="Funtoo Linux [GRUB]" --recheck /dev/sda
chroot # ego boot update

First Boot, and in the future...

OK -- you are almost ready to boot!

You only need to run grub-install when you first install Funtoo Linux, but you need to re-run ego boot update every time you modify your /etc/boot.conf file or add new kernels to your system. This will regenerate /boot/grub/grub.cfg so that you will have new kernels available in your GRUB boot menu upon your next reboot.

Post reboot UEFI troubleshooting

In case UEFI NVRAM boot entry is missing in BIOS and grub does not start you can try moving an already installed GRUB EFI executable to the default/fallback path 

chroot # mv -v '/boot/EFI/Funtoo Linux [GRUB]' /boot/EFI/BOOT
chroot # mv -v /boot/EFI/BOOT/grubx64.efi /boot/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI
Install Guide, Chapter 14 < Prev Next >
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