Emerge/zh-cn

Emerge 是 funtoo 的 Portage 软件包管理器的前端。有了 emerge，安装、更新或删除软件包就变得很容易了。

Update Package Database

Sync meta-repo. This will update your local Portage tree with the latest Funtoo ebuilds.

root # ego sync

See app-admin/ego (Wiki Page) for more information on ego. Also see the man pages: ego, ego-profile, ego-sync and Funtoo Profiles wiki page.

Search packages

Search packages by name.

root # emerge -s firefox
root # emerge --search firefox

Search packages by description.

root # emerge -S web browser
root # emerge --searchdesc web browser

安装软件包

安装软件包。

root # emerge firefox

安装多个包。

root # emerge firefox thunderbird

安装软件包。在执行任何更改之前要求确认。显示详细的输出。

root # emerge -av firefox
root # emerge --ask firefox

移除软件包

移除软件包。

root # emerge -C firefox
root # emerge --unmerge firefox

移除软件包。在进行任何更改之前要求确认。

root # emerge -aC firefox

Remove orphaned packages. Ask for confirmation before performing any changes.

root # emerge -a --depclean

更新软件包

更新所有的包。

root # emerge -uDN @world

更新所有的包。在执行任何更改之前要求确认。显示详细的输出。

root # emerge -uavDN @world

When upgrading to a new version of perl, it is necessary to also run perl-cleaner afterwards:

root # emerge -auvDN @world
root # perl-cleaner --all

   Note

This requirement of running perl-cleaner will eventually go away, once all perl-related ebuilds are updated to EAPI 5. EAPI 5 is a version of the Ebuild specification that supports smart updating of perl-related bits.

Emerge 选项

--sync

更新默认位于 /usr/portage 的 portage 树。

--search -s

Searches for matches of the supplied string in the portage tree.

--searchdesc -S

Matches the search string against the description field as well as the package name.

--ask -a

Ask for confirmation before performing any changes.

--pretend -p

Instead of actually performing the merge, simply display what *would* have been installed if --pretend weren't used.

--unmerge -C

Removes all matching packages.

--update -u

Updates packages to the best version available, which may not always be the highest version number due to masking for testing and development.

--deep [DEPTH] -D

force emerge to consider the entire dependency tree of packages, instead of checking only the immediate dependencies of the packages.

--newuse -N

Tells emerge to include installed packages where USE flags have changed since compilation.

--depclean -c

Remove orphaned packages. Cleans the system by removing packages that are not associated with explicitly merged packages.

--autounmask-write

Automatically write package.use settings as necessary to satisfy dependencies.

--resume -r

Resumes the most recent merge list that has been aborted due to an error.

--jobs[=JOBS] -j [JOBS]

Specifies the number of packages to build simultaneously.

--load-average [LOAD]

Specifies that no new builds should be started if there are other builds running and the load average is at least LOAD (a floating-point number).

Configuration

make.conf

Emerge can be configured by editing /etc/make.conf to customize settings that are set in profiles. However, it's recommended to try to use Funtoo Profiles as much as possible to avoid having to clutter up /etc/make.conf. Also note that /etc/portage/make.conf is the same as /etc/make.conf -- they are symlinked.

   /etc/portage/make.conf - See Make.conf

# override subarch profile
CFLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"

MAKEOPTS="-j2"
EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--jobs 2 --load-average 2"
INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics"
VIDEO_CARDS="intel i965"
LINGUAS="en en_US en_GB"
ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"

# Generally, your subarch profile and flavor/mix-ins will set these for you:
USE="mmx mmxext sse sse2 sse3 ssse3 threads alsa X gtk xcb dri opengl vaapi udev \
     svg x264 xvid gstreamer webm vpx icu bash-completion vim-pager \
     -gnome -xscreensaver -cups -fortran -deprecated -iptables -ipv6 -geoloc \
     -mta -sendmail -kmod -tiff -live -quicktime -real -gpm -themes"

Package.use

Per-package use flags can be configured in

   /etc/portage/package.use

x11-wm/dwm savedconfig
x11-drivers/ati-drivers qt4
media-sound/ncmpcpp visualizer clock taglib

package.accept_keywords

If you want to install a package that has not been tested on your architecture you need to edit

   /etc/portage/package.accept_keywords

=app-misc/screenfetch-9999 **

Other Resources

For more info see the emerge man page.

user $ man emerge