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Difference between revisions of "Install/Finishing"
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{{2Col|{{c|wheel}}|Allows your user account to '{{c|su}}' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with {{c|sudo}}.}} | {{2Col|{{c|wheel}}|Allows your user account to '{{c|su}}' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with {{c|sudo}}.}} | ||
{{2Col|{{c|audio}}|Allows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional.}} | {{2Col|{{c|audio}}|Allows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional.}} | ||
{{2Col|{{c|video}}|Allows your user account to directly access video devices. Required for certain video drivers and webcams.}} | |||
{{2Col|{{c|plugdev}}|Allows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users.}} | {{2Col|{{c|plugdev}}|Allows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users.}} | ||
{{2Col|{{c|portage}}|Allows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended.}} | {{2Col|{{c|portage}}|Allows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended.}} | ||
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{{console|body= | {{console|body= | ||
%chroot% ##i##usermod -G wheel,audio,plugdev,portage drobbins | %chroot% ##i##usermod -G wheel,audio,video,plugdev,portage drobbins | ||
}} | }} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
===Install an Entropy Generator === | ===Install an Entropy Generator === <!--T:18--> | ||
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The Linux kernel uses various sources such as user input to generate entropy, which is in turn used for generating random numbers. Encrypted communications can use a lot of entropy, and often the amount of entropy generated by your system will not be sufficient. This is commonly an issue on headless server systems, which can also include ARM systems such as Raspberry Pi, and can result in slower than normal ssh connections among other issues. | The Linux kernel uses various sources such as user input to generate entropy, which is in turn used for generating random numbers. Encrypted communications can use a lot of entropy, and often the amount of entropy generated by your system will not be sufficient. This is commonly an issue on headless server systems, which can also include ARM systems such as Raspberry Pi, and can result in slower than normal ssh connections among other issues. | ||
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To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use {{c|haveged}} in this example, although others are available, such as {{c|rng-tools}}. | To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use {{c|haveged}} in this example, although others are available, such as {{c|rng-tools}}. | ||
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{{console|body= | {{console|body= | ||
%chroot% ##i##emerge haveged | %chroot% ##i##emerge haveged | ||
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}} | }} | ||
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Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool. | Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool. | ||
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Now is the time to leave | Now is the time to leave fchroot, to unmount Funtoo Linux partitions and files and to restart your computer. When you restart, the GRUB boot loader will start, load the Linux kernel and initramfs, and your system will begin booting. | ||
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To leave the fchroot, simply type {{c|exit}} and you will be returned back to your LiveCD shell. | |||
<console | |||
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If you used manual chroot steps, you can use the following sequence of commands prepare to restart: | |||
{{console|body= | |||
%chroot% ##i##exit | %chroot% ##i##exit | ||
# ##i##cd /mnt | # ##i##cd /mnt | ||
# ##i##umount -lR funtoo | # ##i##umount -lR funtoo | ||
}} | |||
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Now, you are ready to reboot into Funtoo: | |||
{{console|body= | |||
# ##i##reboot | # ##i##reboot | ||
}} | |||
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Latest revision as of 04:57, June 23, 2022
Install Guide: Finishing Up
| Install Guide, Chapter 16 | < Prev | Next > |
Set your root password
It's imperative that you set your root password before rebooting so that you can log in.
chroot # passwd New password: ********** Retype new password: ********** passwd: password updated successfully
Create a Regular User
It's also a good idea to create a regular user for daily use. If you're using GNOME, this is a requirement as you cannot log in to GDM (The GNOME Display Manager) as root. This can be accomplished as follows:
chroot # useradd -m drobbins
You will also likely want to add your primary user to one or more supplemental groups. Here is a list of important groups and their effect:
| Group | Description |
|---|---|
wheel | Allows your user account to 'su' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with sudo. |
audio | Allows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional. |
video | Allows your user account to directly access video devices. Required for certain video drivers and webcams. |
plugdev | Allows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users. |
portage | Allows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended. |
To add your user to multiple groups, use the usermod command, specifying a complete group list:
chroot # usermod -G wheel,audio,video,plugdev,portage drobbins
As with your root account, don't forget to set a password:
chroot # passwd drobbins New password: ********** Retype new password: ********** passwd: password updated successfully
Install an Entropy Generator
The Linux kernel uses various sources such as user input to generate entropy, which is in turn used for generating random numbers. Encrypted communications can use a lot of entropy, and often the amount of entropy generated by your system will not be sufficient. This is commonly an issue on headless server systems, which can also include ARM systems such as Raspberry Pi, and can result in slower than normal ssh connections among other issues.
To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use haveged in this example, although others are available, such as rng-tools.
chroot # emerge haveged chroot # rc-update add haveged default
Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool.
Restart your system
Now is the time to leave fchroot, to unmount Funtoo Linux partitions and files and to restart your computer. When you restart, the GRUB boot loader will start, load the Linux kernel and initramfs, and your system will begin booting.
To leave the fchroot, simply type exit and you will be returned back to your LiveCD shell.
If you used manual chroot steps, you can use the following sequence of commands prepare to restart:
chroot # exit root # cd /mnt root # umount -lR funtoo
Now, you are ready to reboot into Funtoo:
root # reboot
You should now see your system reboot, the GRUB boot loader appear for a few seconds, and then see the Linux kernel and initramfs loading. After this, you should see Funtoo Linux itself start to boot, and you should be greeted with a login: prompt. Funtoo Linux has been successfully installed!
| Install Guide, Chapter 16 | < Prev | Next > |