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</includeonly><noinclude>
<languages/>
<languages/>
= 安装指南：大功告成 =
= 安装指南：告一段落 =


{{InstallNavigation|num=16|prev=Network|next=Profiles}}</noinclude>
{{InstallNavigation|num=16|prev=Network|next=Profiles}}</noinclude>


=== Set your root password ===
=== 设置根用户密码 ===
It's imperative that you set your root password before rebooting so that you can log in.
重启前一定要设置好 root 密码，这样才能登录。
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
%chroot% ##i##passwd
%chroot% ##i##passwd
Line 16: Line 16:
}}
}}


=== Create a Regular User ===
=== 创建常规用户 ===


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It's also a good idea to create a regular user for daily use. If you're using GNOME, this is a requirement as you cannot log in to GDM (The GNOME Display Manager) as root. This can be accomplished as follows:
It's also a good idea to create a regular user for daily use. If you're using GNOME, this is a requirement as you cannot log in to GDM (The GNOME Display Manager) as root. This can be accomplished as follows:
</div>


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
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}}
}}


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You will also likely want to add your primary user to one or more supplemental groups. Here is a list of important groups and their effect:
You will also likely want to add your primary user to one or more supplemental groups. Here is a list of important groups and their effect:
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{TableStart}}
{{TableStart}}
{{2ColHead|Group|Description}}
{{2ColHead|Group|Description}}
{{2Col|{{c|wheel}}|Allows your user account to '{{c|su}}' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with {{c|sudo}}.}}
{{2Col|{{c|wheel}}|Allows your user account to '{{c|su}}' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with {{c|sudo}}.}}
{{2Col|{{c|audio}}|Allows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional.}}
{{2Col|{{c|audio}}|Allows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional.}}
{{2Col|{{c|video}}|Allows your user account to directly access video devices. Required for certain video drivers and webcams.}}
{{2Col|{{c|plugdev}}|Allows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users.}}
{{2Col|{{c|plugdev}}|Allows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users.}}
{{2Col|{{c|portage}}|Allows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended.}}
{{2Col|{{c|portage}}|Allows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended.}}
{{TableEnd}}
{{TableEnd}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To add your user to multiple groups, use the {{c|usermod}} command, specifying a complete group list:
To add your user to multiple groups, use the {{c|usermod}} command, specifying a complete group list:
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
%chroot% ##i##usermod -G wheel,audio,plugdev,portage drobbins
%chroot% ##i##usermod -G wheel,audio,plugdev,portage drobbins
}}
}}
</div>


As with your root account, don't forget to set a password:
和 root 账户一样，不要忘记设置密码。


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
Line 49: Line 60:
}}
}}


===Install an Entropy Generator ===
=== 安装熵发生器 ===


The Linux kernel uses various sources such as user input to generate entropy, which is in turn used for generating random numbers. Encrypted communications can use a lot of entropy, and often the amount of entropy generated by your system will not be sufficient. This is commonly an issue on headless server systems, which can also include ARM systems such as Raspberry Pi, and can result in slower than normal ssh connections among other issues.
Linux 内核使用各种来源，如用户输入来产生熵，而熵又用于产生随机数。加密通信可能会使用大量的熵，往往你的系统产生的熵量是不够的。这通常是无头服务器系统上的问题，其中也可以包括 Raspberry Pi 等 ARM 系统，并可能导致比正常的 ssh 连接更慢等问题。


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use {{c|haveged}} in this example, although others are available, such as {{c|rng-tools}}.
To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use {{c|haveged}} in this example, although others are available, such as {{c|rng-tools}}.
</div>


{{console|body=
{{console|body=
Line 60: Line 73:
}}
}}


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool.
Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool.
</div>


=== 重启系统 ===
=== 重启系统 ===


Now is the time to leave chroot, to unmount Funtoo Linux partitions and files and to restart your computer. When you restart, the GRUB boot loader will start, load the Linux kernel and initramfs, and your system will begin booting.
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
现在退出 chroot 环境，卸载 Funtoo Linux 分区和文件，重启电脑。重启后，GRUB 启动引导器会启动，并加载 Linux 内核及 initramfs，之后系统会开始启动。
</div>


Leave the chroot, change directory to /mnt, unmount your Funtoo partitions, and reboot.
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
离开 chroot 环境，将当前工作目录更改为 /mnt，卸载 Funtoo 分区，并且重启电脑。
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
%chroot% ##i##exit
%chroot% ##i##exit
Line 73: Line 91:
# ##i##reboot
# ##i##reboot
}}
}}
</div>


{{note|The Funtoo LiveCD will gracefully unmount your new Funtoo filesystems as part of its normal shutdown sequence.}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you used manual chroot steps, you can use the following sequence of commands prepare to restart:
{{console|body=
%chroot% ##i##exit
# ##i##cd /mnt
# ##i##umount -lR funtoo
}}
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Now, you are ready to reboot into Funtoo:
{{console|body=
# ##i##reboot
}}
</div>


You should now see your system reboot, the GRUB boot loader appear for a few seconds, and then see the Linux kernel and initramfs loading. After this, you should see Funtoo Linux itself start to boot, and you should be greeted with a <code>login:</code> prompt. Funtoo Linux has been successfully installed!
现在应该可以看到已经系统重启，过几秒 GRUB 引导器界面会显示，接下来能看到 Linux 内核以及 initramfs 加载。之后，应该可以看到 Funtoo Linux 启动。并且应该看到 <code>login:</code> 提示。至此即成功安装了 Funtoo Linux。
<noinclude>{{InstallNavigation|num=16|prev=Network|next=Profiles|align=right}}</noinclude>
<noinclude>{{InstallNavigation|num=16|prev=Network|next=Profiles|align=right}}</noinclude>

Latest revision as of 04:57, June 23, 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎español • ‎português do Brasil • ‎русский • ‎中文（中国大陆）‎

安装指南：告一段落

Install Guide, Chapter 16 < Prev Next >

设置根用户密码

重启前一定要设置好 root 密码，这样才能登录。 

chroot # passwd
New password: **********
Retype new password: **********
passwd: password updated successfully

创建常规用户

It's also a good idea to create a regular user for daily use. If you're using GNOME, this is a requirement as you cannot log in to GDM (The GNOME Display Manager) as root. This can be accomplished as follows: 

chroot # useradd -m drobbins

You will also likely want to add your primary user to one or more supplemental groups. Here is a list of important groups and their effect:

GroupDescription
wheelAllows your user account to 'su' to root. Recommended on your primary user account for easy maintenance. Also used with sudo.
audioAllows your user account to directly access audio devices. Required if using ALSA; otherwise optional.
videoAllows your user account to directly access video devices. Required for certain video drivers and webcams.
plugdevAllows your user account work with various removable devices. Allows adding of a WiFi network in GNOME without providing root password. Recommended for desktop users.
portageAllows extended use of Portage as regular user. Recommended.

To add your user to multiple groups, use the usermod command, specifying a complete group list: 

chroot # usermod -G wheel,audio,plugdev,portage drobbins

和 root 账户一样，不要忘记设置密码。 

chroot # passwd drobbins
New password: **********
Retype new password: **********
passwd: password updated successfully

安装熵发生器

Linux 内核使用各种来源，如用户输入来产生熵，而熵又用于产生随机数。加密通信可能会使用大量的熵，往往你的系统产生的熵量是不够的。这通常是无头服务器系统上的问题，其中也可以包括 Raspberry Pi 等 ARM 系统，并可能导致比正常的 ssh 连接更慢等问题。

To compensate for this, a user-space entropy generator can be emerged and enabled at boot time. We will use haveged in this example, although others are available, such as rng-tools. 

chroot # emerge haveged
chroot # rc-update add haveged default

Haveged will now start at boot and will augment the Linux kernel's entropy pool.

重启系统

现在退出 chroot 环境，卸载 Funtoo Linux 分区和文件，重启电脑。重启后，GRUB 启动引导器会启动，并加载 Linux 内核及 initramfs，之后系统会开始启动。

离开 chroot 环境，将当前工作目录更改为 /mnt，卸载 Funtoo 分区，并且重启电脑。 

chroot # exit
root # cd /mnt
root # umount -lR funtoo
root # reboot

If you used manual chroot steps, you can use the following sequence of commands prepare to restart: 

chroot # exit
root # cd /mnt
root # umount -lR funtoo

Now, you are ready to reboot into Funtoo: 

root # reboot

现在应该可以看到已经系统重启，过几秒 GRUB 引导器界面会显示，接下来能看到 Linux 内核以及 initramfs 加载。之后，应该可以看到 Funtoo Linux 启动。并且应该看到 login: 提示。至此即成功安装了 Funtoo Linux。

Install Guide, Chapter 16 < Prev Next >
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