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Difference between revisions of "Funtoo Linux Localization"

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<languages/>
<languages/>
<translate>
<translate>
=== Set Default Language ===
=== Set Default Language === <!--T:1-->


<!--T:2-->
On Funtoo, there are two configuration files responsible for your language settings: {{f|/etc/locale.gen}} and {{f|/etc/env.d/00basic}}. First file has only en_US.UTF-8 locale enabled. Last one is a default shipped file comes from stage3 and responsible for en_US.UTF-8 locale system-wide. Not recommended to edit.
On Funtoo, there are two configuration files responsible for your language settings: {{f|/etc/locale.gen}} and {{f|/etc/env.d/00basic}}. First file has only en_US.UTF-8 locale enabled. Last one is a default shipped file comes from stage3 and responsible for en_US.UTF-8 locale system-wide. Not recommended to edit.
The following steps will guide you through the process of setting up the default system language, using French Canadian as an example.
The following steps will guide you through the process of setting up the default system language, using French Canadian as an example.
Line 16: Line 17:
{{warning|You are strongly advised to use ''at least one'' UTF-8 locale since some applications may require it.}}
{{warning|You are strongly advised to use ''at least one'' UTF-8 locale since some applications may require it.}}


<!--T:3-->
Now, those locales need to be generated:
Now, those locales need to be generated:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
Line 25: Line 27:
}}
}}


<!--T:4-->
Once done, you can apply your locale settings system-wide. First display all available options:
Once done, you can apply your locale settings system-wide. First display all available options:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
$ ##i##eselect locale list
# ##i##eselect locale list
##b####g##Available targets for the LANG variable:
\##b####g##Available targets for the LANG variable:
   ##b##[1]##!b##  C
   ##b##[1]##!b##  C
   ##b##[2]##!b##  POSIX
   ##b##[2]##!b##  POSIX
Line 45: Line 48:
You can verify your actions using:
You can verify your actions using:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
$ ##i##eselect locale show
# ##i##eselect locale show
##b####g##LANG variable in profile:
\##b####g##LANG variable in profile:
   ##b##fr_CA.utf8
   ##b##fr_CA.utf8
}}
}}


<!--T:5-->
For an immediate effect it is required to reload the environment:
For an immediate effect it is required to reload the environment:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
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Congratulations! You have successfully set up your default language on Funtoo.
Congratulations! You have successfully set up your default language on Funtoo.


=== Portage Settings ===
=== Portage Settings === <!--T:6-->


<!--T:7-->
Portage uses a special variable {{c|L10N}} that defines what localizations/translations get installed by default. By default, {{c|L10N}} is unset, which only builds the packages' default language.  
Portage uses a special variable {{c|L10N}} that defines what localizations/translations get installed by default. By default, {{c|L10N}} is unset, which only builds the packages' default language.  


<!--T:8-->
It is possible to customize the setting of {{c|L10N}} by setting it in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}:
It is possible to customize the setting of {{c|L10N}} by setting it in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}:


<!--T:9-->
{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body=
{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body=
# Install English (United States) and Chinese (China) translations (if available)
# Install English (United States) and Chinese (China) translations (if available)
Line 68: Line 75:
}}
}}


<!--T:10-->
The {{c|LI10N}} variable should use spaces between each localization name. A list of all supported languages can be found in {{f|/usr/portage/profiles/desc/l10n.desc}}.
The {{c|LI10N}} variable should use spaces between each localization name. A list of all supported languages can be found in {{f|/usr/portage/profiles/desc/l10n.desc}}.


<!--T:11-->
Some old packages still use the deprecated {{c|LINGUAS}} variable. You can set it in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}:
Some old packages still use the deprecated {{c|LINGUAS}} variable. You can set it in {{f|/etc/portage/make.conf}}:


<!--T:12-->
{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body=LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"}}
{{file|lang=bash|name=/etc/portage/make.conf|body=LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"}}


<!--T:13-->
It uses the same syntax, but uses other language codes which can be found in {{f|/usr/portage/profiles/desc/linguas.desc}}.
It uses the same syntax, but uses other language codes which can be found in {{f|/usr/portage/profiles/desc/linguas.desc}}.


<!--T:14-->
After setting the {{c|L10N}} and {{c|LINGUAS}} USE flags you may need to re-emerge some packages:  
After setting the {{c|L10N}} and {{c|LINGUAS}} USE flags you may need to re-emerge some packages:  


<!--T:15-->
{{console|body=###i## emerge --ask --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world}}
{{console|body=###i## emerge --ask --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world}}


=== Read Your Language ===
=== Read Your Language === <!--T:16-->


<!--T:17-->
A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント
A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント


<!--T:18-->
Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the {{c|fc-list}} command from the {{c|media-libs/fontconfig}} ebuild:
Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the {{c|fc-list}} command from the {{c|media-libs/fontconfig}} ebuild:


<!--T:19-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##fc-list :lang=zh
# ##i##fc-list :lang=zh
}}
}}


<!--T:20-->
If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.
If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.


<!--T:21-->
For Japanese:
For Japanese:


<!--T:22-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute
}}
}}


<!--T:23-->
For Chinese:
For Chinese:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
Line 103: Line 123:
}}
}}


<!--T:24-->
For Korean:
For Korean:


<!--T:25-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts
# ##i##emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts
}}
}}


<!--T:26-->
A very good alternative could be a Noto Fonts by Google, claimed to be a fonts with widest language support:
A very good alternative could be a Noto Fonts by Google, claimed to be a fonts with widest language support:
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
Line 114: Line 137:
}}
}}


=== Keymap ===
=== Keymap === <!--T:27-->


<!--T:28-->
Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit {{f|/etc/conf.d/keymaps}} and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty.
Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit {{f|/etc/conf.d/keymaps}} and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty.


<!--T:29-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps
# ##i##nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps
}}
}}


=== Input Method ===
=== Input Method === <!--T:30-->


ibus is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux.
<!--T:31-->
[[Package:IBus|ibus]] is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux.


<!--T:32-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge -av ibus
# ##i##emerge -av ibus
}}
}}


<!--T:33-->
You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese)
You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese)


<!--T:34-->
{{console|body=
{{console|body=
# ##i##emerge -av ibus-table-chinese
# ##i##emerge -av ibus-table-chinese

Latest revision as of 18:17, October 22, 2022

Other languages:
English • ‎Türkçe • ‎español • ‎polski • ‎português do Brasil • ‎中文（中国大陆）‎

Set Default Language

On Funtoo, there are two configuration files responsible for your language settings: /etc/locale.gen and /etc/env.d/00basic. First file has only en_US.UTF-8 locale enabled. Last one is a default shipped file comes from stage3 and responsible for en_US.UTF-8 locale system-wide. Not recommended to edit. The following steps will guide you through the process of setting up the default system language, using French Canadian as an example. First you will need to edit /etc/locale.gen: 

root # nano -w /etc/locale.gen

Specify your preferred locale with the accompanying character format (you will mostly want UTF-8):

   Note

It is recommended to keep the preconfigured en_US.UTF-8 locale as a fallback.

   /etc/locale.gen 
en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_CA.UTF-8 UTF-8

To determine an appropriate locale for your system, you should take a look into /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED for the default list of supported combinations or check the /usr/share/i18n/locales/ directory for a list of valid values.

   Warning

You are strongly advised to use at least one UTF-8 locale since some applications may require it.

Now, those locales need to be generated: 

root # locale-gen
 * Generating 2 locales (this might take a while) with 1 jobs
 *  (1/2) Generating en_US.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 *  (2/2) Generating fr_CA.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 * Generation complete

Once done, you can apply your locale settings system-wide. First display all available options: 

root # eselect locale list
Available targets for the LANG variable:
  [1]   C
  [2]   POSIX
  [3]   fr_CA.utf8
  [4]   en_US.utf8 *
  [ ]   (free form)

The blue star indicates the current default system locale. You can now change it according your wishes: 

root # eselect locale set 3
Setting LANG to fr_CA.utf8 ...
Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell.

Alternatively, you can set the default locale manually. This file should be created first with your prefered editor:

   /etc/env.d/02locale 
LANG="fr_CA.utf8"

You can verify your actions using: 

root # eselect locale show
LANG variable in profile:
  fr_CA.utf8

For an immediate effect it is required to reload the environment: 

root # env-update && source /etc/profile
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...

Congratulations! You have successfully set up your default language on Funtoo.

Portage Settings

Portage uses a special variable L10N that defines what localizations/translations get installed by default. By default, L10N is unset, which only builds the packages' default language.

It is possible to customize the setting of L10N by setting it in /etc/portage/make.conf:

   /etc/portage/make.conf (bash source code) 
# Install English (United States) and Chinese (China) translations (if available)
L10N="en-US zh-CN"

The LI10N variable should use spaces between each localization name. A list of all supported languages can be found in /usr/portage/profiles/desc/l10n.desc.

Some old packages still use the deprecated LINGUAS variable. You can set it in /etc/portage/make.conf:

   /etc/portage/make.conf (bash source code) 
LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"

It uses the same syntax, but uses other language codes which can be found in /usr/portage/profiles/desc/linguas.desc.

After setting the L10N and LINGUAS USE flags you may need to re-emerge some packages: 

root # emerge --ask --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world

Read Your Language

A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント

Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the fc-list command from the media-libs/fontconfig ebuild: 

root # fc-list :lang=zh

If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.

For Japanese: 

root # emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute

For Chinese: 

root # emerge media-fonts/arphicfonts

For Korean: 

root # emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts

A very good alternative could be a Noto Fonts by Google, claimed to be a fonts with widest language support: 

root # emerge media-fonts/noto

Keymap

Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit /etc/conf.d/keymaps and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty. 

root # nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps

Input Method

ibus is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux. 

root # emerge -av ibus

You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese) 

root # emerge -av ibus-table-chinese
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