User:Pnoecker/legacy install

This howto describes how to setup a generic legacy method install. It is a standalone installation walk through, loosely based on the official installations finished product. This install will support both BIOS mode, and uEFI mode simultaneously.

   Warning

You may try this installation method at your own risk! Please note: this guide is outside of the official installation documentation, and cannot be supported. If you choose to use this, we assume you know what you are doing, and you are on your own!

Prepare the hard drive, and partitions

• Before you begin, make sure you are partitioning the correct drive. For the rest of this tutorial, we will be using /dev/sdX as a placeholder.

root # lsblk
#NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
#sda             8:0    0  1.8T  0 disk 
#├─sdX1          8:1    0    1M  0 bios_boot
#├─sdX2          8:2    0    8G  0 esp      /efi
#└─sdX3          8:3    0  1.8T  0 part 
#  ├─main-boot 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /boot
#  ├─main-swap 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  [swap]
#  ├─main-root 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /

link your drive to /dev/sdX

to make following this guide easier you can set udev rules and link the drive you're installing to /dev/sdX so everything is copy paste. just replace the kernel's == sda/mmc/nvme to match your target drive.

• hda/sda drives:

root # echo 'KERNEL=="sda*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger

• mmc/nvme drives:

root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0", SYMLINK+="sdX"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0p*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' >> /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger

• verify linking

root # ls -al /dev/sdX*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX -> sde
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX1 -> sde1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX2 -> sde2

Partition

GPT Partitioning

root # gdisk /dev/sdX

Within gdisk, follow these steps:

Empty the partition table:

Command: o ↵
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): y ↵

Create bios boot partition (backwards compatibility with MBR partitioning):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 1 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +1M ↵
Hex Code: EF02 ↵

Create efi esp partition (forwards compatibility with UEFI GPT partitioning):

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 2 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +64M ↵
Hex Code: EF00 ↵

Create a partition which will be our swap partition:

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 3 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +2G ↵ (for 2gb of swap, you may change this)
Hex Code: 8200 ↵

Create partition which will be our root

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 4 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: ↵ (for the rest of the disk space)
Hex Code:  ↵

Write Partition Table To Disk:

Command: w ↵
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y ↵

The partition table will now be written to the disk and gdisk will close.

Create and mount filesystems.

Create esp filesystem

root # mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdX2

• label esp system for fstab later on:

root # fatlabel /dev/sdX2 "EFI"

Create swap & root filesystem

• swap:

root # mkswap /dev/sdX3

root # swaplabel -L SWAP /dev/sdX3

root # swapon /dev/sdX3

• for ext4:

root # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdX4

root # e2label /dev/sdX4 "ROOT"

• for xfs:

root # mkfs.xfs /dev/sdX4

root # xfs_admin -L "ROOT" /dev/sdX4

Create directories for chroot

root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo

Mount filesystems

root # mount /dev/sdX4 /mnt/funtoo

Set the date

   Note

See the official Funtoo docs on setting the date.

Install the Funtoo starge tarball of your choice

   Note

These instructions will be using the generic64 next minimal stage3. You should adjust them accordingly.

• Generic_64

or a stage more closely aligned to your hardware:

• Subarches

or funtoo from scratch generated stages:

• FFS BRUH

root # cd /mnt/funtoo

root # wget https://build.funtoo.org/next/x86-64bit/generic_64/2022-09-13/stage3-generic_64-next-2022-09-13.tar.xz

root # tar --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' -xpf *stage3*.tar.xz && rm -f *stage3*.tar.xz

Chroot into your new system

Traditional Method

root # mount -t proc none /mnt/funtoo/proc

root # mount --rbind /dev /mnt/funtoo/dev

root # mount --rbind /sys /mnt/funtoo/sys

root # env -i HOME=/root TERM=$TERM $(which chroot) /mnt/funtoo /bin/bash -l

Fchroot Method

root # fchroot .

Configure your system

Set a new root password

root # passwd

Set hostname

root # echo 'hostname="NewFuntooInstall"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname

Set up DNS resolution

   Note

We are using the Cloudflare DNS server address here. Feel free to use your own.

root # echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf

Set your timezone

root # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$(tzselect) /etc/localtime

Note your filesystem information

root # blkid

/dev/sdX2: UUID="6453-0C55" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="efi" PARTUUID="4e195c4b-f88c-4205-b9df-79a879704b2f"
/dev/sdX3: UUID="aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTLABEL="system" PARTUUID="93d0cf9b-0b95-4d8b-919f-48cd1774996f"
/dev/mapper/root: UUID="hvz79n-I2VE-nR1c-0hDQ-PVkR-3GRb-rnuJ9C" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg-swap: UUID="a9188bc3-7def-422b-990d-9de431825779" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/vg-root: UUID="2eaf45e6-d33b-4155-b4ca-63a2fdbfb896" TYPE="ext4"

Configure /etc/fstab

   Note

this example uses xfs

root # cat > /etc/fstab << 'EOF'
LABEL=SWAP none swap sw 0 0
LABEL=ROOT / xfs noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=775,noatime 0 0
LABEL=EFI /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
EOF

compile in ram:

root # mkdir /var/tmp/portage
root # chown portage:portage /var/tmp/portage
root # mount /var/tmp/portage

or exclude compiling in ram if your machine's not powerful enough:

root # umount /var/tmp/portage

Portage

Download the portage tree

root # ego sync

Optionally add mix-ins at this point

root # epro mix-in xfce

Edit package USE-flags to enable AMD microcode

root # cat > /etc/portage/package.use <<'EOF'
sys-kernel/linux-firmware initramfs
EOF

Install necessary packages

root # emerge grub haveged intel-microcode linux-firmware iucode_tool shim mokutil

Optionally update the entire system as much as possible

   Note

This can be done later, and is not required for initial setup.

root #  emerge --keep-going -avuND @world

• for stage3 container or virtual machine generic network setup without network manager (desktop stages can skip this)

root #  echo 'config_eth0="dhcp"' >> /etc/conf.d/net
root #  ln -s /etc/init.d/net.lo /etc/init.d/net.eth0
root #  rc-update add dhcpcd
root #  rc-update add net.eth0

Configure services to start at boot

root # rc-update add haveged default

root # rc-update add busybox-ntpd default

Install a bootloader

Install GRUB

For BIOS systems & UEFI legacy mode support

root # grub-install --target=i386-pc --no-floppy /dev/sdX

For UEFI systems

root # mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

   Note

If you boot in legacy mode you can ignore the warning of this directory not being present. We can repair this later.

Install grub & shim

• load efi directory:

root # mkdir /boot/efi
root # mount /boot/efi

• generate a sbat file to install with grub:

root # cat > /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv << EOF
sbat,1,SBAT Version,sbat,1,https://github.com/rhboot/shim/blob/main/SBAT.md
grub,1,Free Software Foundation,grub,2.06,https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
EOF

64bit systems

• For usb keys, removable drives, and legacy mode uefi install:

root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX

root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT

• For complete install with uefi entries:

root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX

root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Funtoo

32bit systems

• For usb keys, removable drives, and legacy mode uefi install:

root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX

root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT

• For full install with uefi entries:

root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX

root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Funtoo

Generate Grub menu

root # ego boot update

Finishing installation

From this point, you should be able to finish following the official Funtoo Linux install instructions

Rechroot

In the event of build failure, to rechroot requires unlocking the root, re-mounting, and re-chroot.

root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo && mount /dev/mapper/vg-boot /mnt/funtoo/boot
root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # fchroot .

Additional links and information

• Wikipedia article on LVM