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== O que é um profile? ==
{{#widget:AddThis}}
<languages/>
This page covers the Funtoo Linux profile system -- how it works, what profiles are available, and how to use [[#Using epro|{{c|epro}}]] to set and change profile settings.
== Profile Types ==


No Gentoo e no Funtoo Linux, profiles são utilizados para definir configurações base do sistema, e tem tido historicamente um monte de potenciais inexplorados. No Funtoo Linux, Eu quis tirar da vantagem um pouco desse potencial para permitir aos usuários do Funtoo Linux de facilmente adaptar seu sistema para vários tipos de funções. Entre o novo Funtoo profile system.
Historically, users have had to add a large number of settings to [[Make.conf|{{c|/etc/make.conf}}]] to customize their Gentoo or Funtoo Linux system, which made setup of the operating system more difficult than it should be. In Gentoo Linux, it is possible to only define one ''system profile''. Think of a system profile as the default settings that Portage uses for building everything on your system. Funtoo Linux uses multiple sub-profiles per system. The following profile types are available in Funtoo Linux:


== O Que É ==
{{TableStart}}
{{2ColHead|Sub-Profile|Description}}
{{2Col|{{c|arch}}|This defines CPU-specific settings. Only one arch profile is enabled at install time, and cannot be changed.}}
{{2Col|{{c|subarch}}|This further refines the CPU-specific settings. One subarch profile is typically enabled at install time.}}
{{2Col|{{c|build}}|This defines the type of stability, such as {{c|current}} or {{c|stable}}, and its associated settings. One build profile is enabled, at install time, and is generally not changed.}}
{{2Col|{{c|flavor}}|This defines the intended use of Funtoo, such as {{c|minimal}}, {{c|core}}, {{c|workstation}} or {{c|desktop}}. One flavor is enabled, and can be changed by the user.}}
{{2Col|{{c|mix-ins}}|These can be enabled by the user, based on the features the user wants, such as {{c|gnome}}, {{c|kde}}, {{c|media}}, {{c|mate}}, {{c|X}}, and {{c|hardened}}.}}
{{TableEnd}}


Historicamente, os usuários tem tido que adicionar uma tonelada de configurações em <code>/etc/[[make.conf]]</code> para personalizar seus Gentoo ou Funtoo Linux, da qual tem tornado a instalação do sistema operacional mais dificultoso do que deveria ser.
{{Note|Flavors can (and often do) inherit settings from other flavors and mix-ins. Mix-ins can also inherit settings from other mix-ins. For example, {{c|X}} is inherited by {{c|gnome}}. The {{c|epro}} tool will show both as being enabled so there are no surprises.}}


No Gentoo Linux, é possível somente definir um ''system profile''. Pense em um system profile como as configurações padrão que o Portage utiliza para a construção de tudo em seu sistema.
=== Using epro ===


No Funtoo Linux, múltiplos profiles pode ser habilitados ao mesmo tempo. Esses incluem:
{{c|epro show}} will display the current profile settings on your system:
{{console|body=
# ##i## epro show


* '''arch''' - Um arch profile é habilitado, no momento da construção, e não é alterável. Esse define as configurações específicas da arquitetura do CPU.
=== ##g##Enabled Profiles##!g##: ===
* '''build''' - one build profile is enabled, at build time, and is generally not changed. It defines the type of build, such as 'current' or 'stable', and associated settings.
* '''flavor''' - one flavor is enabled per system, and can be changed by the user. This defines the general use of the system, such as 'minimal', 'core', 'workstation' or 'desktop'
* '''mix-in''' - zero or more mix-ins can be enabled that enable settings specific to a particular subset of features, such as 'gnome', 'kde', 'media', 'mate', 'X', 'hardened'


{{note|1=
        arch: ##c## x86-64bit
See [[Flavors and Mix-ins]] for a complete list of all flavors and mix-ins available in Funtoo Linux, along with descriptions of what each one does.}}
      build: ##c## current
    subarch: ##c## intel64-haswell
      flavor: ##c## desktop
    mix-ins: ##c## gnome


=== Origins and Benefits ===


This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was designed by Daniel Robbins and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:
=== ##g##All inherited flavors from desktop flavor##!g##: ===


* Fewer settings in <code>/etc/make.conf</code>. <code>CHOST</code> and <code>ARCH</code> no longer set in <code>/etc/make.conf</code>.
                    ##c##workstation (from desktop flavor)
* Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
                            ##c##core (from workstation flavor)
* User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.
                        ##c##minimal (from core flavor)
 
=== ##g##All inherited mix-ins from desktop flavor##!g##: ===


{{note|See [[Custom Profiles]] for information on how to extend the profile system.}}
                              ##c##X##!c## (from workstation flavor)
                          ##c##audio##!c## (from workstation flavor)
                            ##c##dvd##!c## (from workstation flavor)
                          ##c##media##!c## (from workstation flavor)
      ##c##mediadevice-audio-consumer##!c## (from media mix-in)
                ##c##mediadevice-base##!c## (from mediadevice-audio-consumer mix-in)
      ##c##mediadevice-video-consumer##!c## (from media mix-in)
                ##c##mediadevice-base##!c## (from mediadevice-video-consumer mix-in)
        ##c##mediaformat-audio-common##!c## (from media mix-in)
          ##c##mediaformat-gfx-common##!c## (from media mix-in)
        ##c##mediaformat-video-common##!c## (from media mix-in)
                  ##c##console-extras##!c## (from workstation flavor)
                          ##c##print##!c## (from desktop flavor)
}}
To view all available sub-profile settings, use {{c|epro list}}:
{{console|body=# ##i## epro list}}
Enabled profiles will be highlighted in cyan. Directly enabled profiles will be in bold and have an asterisk {{c|*}} appended. Sub-profiles enabled via inheritance will be highlighted.


== Switch to the Funtoo 1.0 Profile ==
==== Usage Examples ====


=== Using eselect ===
{{TableStart}}
The preferred method of adding and removing profiles is to use [[eselect|eselect profile]]. This will ensure that profiles are added correctly and in the proper order. The order is imperative for things to work right.
{{2Col|Add the mix-ins {{c|gnome}} and {{c|kde}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins +gnome +kde}}}}
{{2Col|Remove a mix-in, for example {{c|gnome}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro mix-ins -gnome}}}}
{{2Col|Change the profile arch to x86-64bit|{{console|body=# ##i## epro arch x86-64bit}}}}
{{2Col|Change the subarch to {{c|generic_64}}|{{console|body=# ##i## epro subarch generic_64}}}}
{{2Col|Change the system flavor|{{console|body=# ##i## epro flavor desktop}}}}
{{2Col|Get JSON output of profile settings|{{console|body=# ##i## epro show-json}}}}
{{2Col|Get current sub-profile setting in text form|{{console|body=# ##i## epro get [profiletype]}}}}
{{TableEnd}}


Type the following to view a list of available options for '''eselect profile''':
== Flavors ==
<console>
###i## eselect profile help
</console>


For a start, let's see what the default configuration has to offer. Get an overview using the '''list''' command:
A system can have only one flavor profile enabled at a time. The following flavors are available:
<console>
###i## eselect profile list
##b####g##Currently available arch profiles:
  ##b##[1]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit##!b## *
  ##b##[2]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
##b####g##Currently available build profiles:
  ##b##[3]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
  ##b##[4]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current##!b## *
  ##b##[5]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
##b####g##Currently available flavor profiles:
  ##b##[6]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  ##b##[7]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core##!b## *
  ##b##[8]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
  ##b##[9]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  ##b##[10]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
##b####g##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  ##b##[11]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
  ##b##[12]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  ##b##[13]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras
  ##b##[14]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
  ##b##[15]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  ##b##[16]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde
  ##b##[17]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  ##b##[18]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
  ##b##[19]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print
  ##b##[20]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  ##b##[21]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  ##b##[22]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  ##b##[23]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  ##b##[24]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  ##b##[25]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
  ##b##[26]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  ##b##[27]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  ##b##[28]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened
</console>


As in several other Funtoo utilities, a star ('''*''') on the right indicates an active item (your case may differ from the example above).
{{TableStart}}
In most cases you will want to set your "flavor" first. Remember that you can only set ''one'' flavor at time.
{{2ColHead|Flavor|Description}}
<tr><td>{{c|minimal}}</td><td>This flavor defines the most minimal possible flavor. It currently only contains defaults for all Funtoo Linux flavors.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|core}}</td><td>The core flavor is the minimal flavor plus reasonable USE options, and is used for stage3 builds.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|server}}</td><td>The server flavor is intended for servers but at this time just tracks core.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|workstation}}</td><td>The workstation flavor is a minimal desktop system. It includes the core flavor plus these mix-ins: {{c|X}}, {{c|audio}}, {{c|dvd}}, {{c|media}} and {{c|console-extras}}.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|desktop}}</td><td>The desktop flavor is a full-featured desktop system, minus desktop environment (add KDE, GNOME or XFCE as a mix-in.) It includes the {{c|workstation}} flavor plus {{c|printing}} support.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}


To choose your favorite flavor use the '''set-flavor''' command including your selection. In this example, we will set the '''desktop''' flavor:
== Mix-ins ==
{{note|You ''must'' use numbers to reference to the profiles you want.}}
<console>###i## eselect profile set-flavor 8</console>
View the result:
<console>###i## eselect profile list
##b####g##Currently available arch profiles:
  ##b##[1]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit##!b## *
  ##b##[2]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
##b####g##Currently available build profiles:
  ##b##[3]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
  ##b##[4]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current##!b## *
  ##b##[5]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
##b####g##Currently available flavor profiles:
  ##b##[6]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  ##b##[7]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
  ##b##[8]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop##!b## *
  ##b##[9]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  ##b##[10]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
##b####g##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  ##b##[11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio (auto)
  ##b##[12]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  ##b##[13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras (auto)
  ##b##[14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd (auto)
  ##b##[15]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  ##b##[16]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde
  ##b##[17]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  ##b##[18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media (auto)
  ##b##[19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print (auto)
  ##b##[20]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  ##b##[21]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  ##b##[22]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  ##b##[23]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  ##b##[24]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  ##b##[25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X (auto)
  ##b##[26]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  ##b##[27]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  ##b##[28]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened
</console>
As you see by the '''(auto)''' entries, the '''desktop''' flavor already pre-set some mix-ins for you.


Now, let's head over and add some mix-ins. To add, say, the mix-ins '''gnome''' and '''kde''' we'd have to enter:
A system can have any number of mix-ins enabled at a time. The following mix-ins are available:


<console>
{{TableStart}}
###i## eselect profile add 15
{{2ColHead|Mix-in|Description}}
###i## eselect profile add 16
{{2Col|{{c|audio}}|Enables core audio-related settings, currently related to ALSA.}}
</console>
{{2Col|{{c|console-extras}}|Enables things that are nice to have for console-only systems. Currently enabling gpm in USE.}}
{{2Col|{{c|dvd}}|USE settings related to optical drives -- CDR/DVD-ROM/RW use.}}
{{2Col|{{c|gnome}}|USE and package.use settings required to merge GNOME. Designed to be used with {{c|desktop}} or {{c|workstation}} flavor.}}
{{2Col|{{c|hardened}}|Enables hardened support.}}
{{2Col|{{c|kde}}|USE and package.use settings required to merge KDE. Designed to be used with {{c|desktop}} or {{c|workstation}} flavor.}}
{{2Col|{{c|media}}|USE settings related to audio/video media encoding. Can be for desktops or servers.}}
{{2Col|{{c|print}}|Enables printing capability.}}
{{2Col|{{c|vmware-guest}}|Settings related to using Funtoo Linux as a VMWare virtual machine guest.}}
{{2Col|{{c|X}}|Settings related to the X Window System and hardware support.}}
{{2Col|{{c|xfce}}|USE settings required for merging XFCE.}}
{{TableEnd}}


Or, in a one-shot:
=== Media Device Mix-ins ===


<console>
Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:
###i## eselect profile add 15 16
</console>


If we want to remove a mix-in, for example '''gnome''', simply enter:
{{TableStart}}
{{2ColHead|Media Device Mix-in|Description}}
<tr><td>{{c|mediadevice-base}}</td><td>Common, universally-supported media devices, like IEEE-1394 (Firewire), CDDA, CDIO. Other mediadevice mix-ins have this as a parent.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|mediadevice-audio-consumer}}</td><td>Consumer audio devices, such as personal portable media players (iOS, iPod, etc.)</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|mediadevice-audio-pro}}</td><td>Pro audio support, such as JACK.</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|mediadevice-video-consumer}}</td><td>Consumer video support, such as DVD, Blu Ray, V4L</td></tr>
<tr><td>{{c|mediadevice-video-pro}}</td><td>Pro video support, such as dv, dc1394.</td></tr>
{{TableEnd}}


<console>
=== Media Format Mix-ins ===
###i## eselect profile remove 15
</console>


Verification:
Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:


<console>###i## eselect profile list
{{TableStart}}
##b####g##Currently available arch profiles:
{{2ColHead|Media Format Mix-in|Description}}
  ##b##[1]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit##!b## *
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-video-common}}</td><td>Common (ie. popular) video formats.</td></tr>
  ##b##[2]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-video-extra}}</td><td>More esoteric video formats.</td></tr>
##b####g##Currently available build profiles:
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-audio-common}}</td><td>Common (ie. popular) audio formats.</td></tr>
  ##b##[3]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-audio-extra}}</td><td>More esoteric audio formats.</td></tr>
  ##b##[4]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current##!b## *
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-gfx-common}}</td><td>Common (ie. popular) graphics formats.</td></tr>
  ##b##[5]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
<tr><td>{{c|mediaformat-gfx-extra}}</td><td>More esoteric graphics formats.</td></tr>
##b####g##Currently available flavor profiles:
{{TableEnd}}
  ##b##[6]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  ##b##[7]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
  ##b##[8]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop##!b## *
  ##b##[9]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  ##b##[10]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
##b####g##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  ##b##[11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio (auto)
  ##b##[12]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  ##b##[13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras (auto)
  ##b##[14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd (auto)
  ##b##[15]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  ##b##[16]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde *
  ##b##[17]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  ##b##[18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media (auto)
  ##b##[19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print (auto)
  ##b##[20]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  ##b##[21]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  ##b##[22]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  ##b##[23]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  ##b##[24]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  ##b##[25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X (auto)
  ##b##[26]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  ##b##[27]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  ##b##[28]##!b##  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened
</console>


No magic here, whatever you add gets put into the <code>/etc/portage/make.profile/parent</code> file by portage.
=== How to Use Media Mix-Ins ===


In our case, this file contains:
Our existing {{c|media}} mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the {{c|desktop}} and {{c|workstation}} flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:
<console>
###i## cat /etc/portage/make.profile/parent
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde
</console>
{{fancywarning|Please, do not add anything manually into <code>parent</code> file. This may result in profile breakage.}}


== For Developers ==
* {{c|mediadevice-audio-consumer}}
* {{c|mediadevice-video-consumer}}
* {{c|mediaformat-audio-common}}
* {{c|mediaformat-gfx-common}}
* {{c|mediaformat-video-common}}


=== Define the profile sub-sets you will use ===
In addition, there is a new {{c|media-pro}} mix-in which needs to be enabled manually, which pulls in the following mix-ins:


So far in Funtoo we have used the exact same profiles as Gentoo thus Funtoo/2008.0 was strictly the same thing as Gentoo/2008.0 or the barely the same 10.0. This (monolithic) profile was set though a symbolic link named <code>/etc/make.profile</code> pointing on a complex directory architecture located somewhere under <code>/usr/portage/profiles</code>. This is no longer valid with the Funtoo 1.0 profiles as they are split in several smaller bricks which are then glued together via the  <code>/etc/portage/make.profile/parent</code> file (You do not need to include everything, just use the "bricks" you need). Those bricks belongs to several categories:
* {{c|mediadevice-audio-pro}}
* {{c|mediadevice-video-pro}}


# MANDATORY -- An "arch" profile which defines settings for a particular architecture. You'll want to set this to whatever arch your system is and leave it alone. '''Setting it to a different arch than your system could severely break it.'''
So typically, you would enable the {{c|desktop}} or {{c|workstation}} flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the {{c|media-pro}} mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the {{c|mediaformat-*-extra}} mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.
# MANDATORY -- A "build" profile which should match the tree you wish to use. '''Stable''', '''Current''' (~arch), or '''Experimental''' (use it if you are brave enough and find '''current''' too stable).
# MANDATORY -- A "flavor" profile (what was previously known as ''profiles'' is still known as such in Gentoo) which describes the kind of system you want:
#* minimal - Be warned, minimal is exactly what it says, the minimal profile stuff you need for a usable system, nothing else. This is really for people who know what they're doing.
#* core - This is the core profile. This is for stuff that affects both desktops and servers.
#* desktop - Exactly what it says. If you're using a desktop, you should set this as your flavor.
#* server - If you're running a server, you should set this as your flavor.
# OPTIONAL -- One or more "mix-ins" profiles which describe optional add-ons. 'mix-ins' are the heart of the Funtoo 1.0 profiles. Unlike the monolithic profiles which sets a massive amount of use flags and options for you, we've split them into logical add-on profiles. For instance if you want support for gnome, you would add the gnome mix-in to your current profiles. That mix-in sets all the proper use flags and such for gnome. Same with others. Want dvd support? Add that one in. Using a rhel5 kernel which requires special versions of packages such as udev? There's a mix-in for that too. Run a mail server? web server? There's mix-ins for those also. Expect this category to grow in the future as new mix-ins are created.


The contents of <code>/etc/portage/make.profile/parent</code> for a basic setup might look like this:
=== How Profile Settings are Stored ===


Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the {{f|/etc/portage/make.profile/parent}} file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using {{c|ego}} and {{c|epro}} to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
Line 209: Line 155:
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Profile settings for a desktop might look like this:
A more rounded setup for a desktop might look like this:
 
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
{{file|name=/etc/portage/make.profile/parent|body=
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
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gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
}}
}}
== History and Origins ==
This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:


== Related ==
* Fewer settings in <code>/etc/make.conf</code>. <code>CHOST</code> and <code>ARCH</code> no longer set in <code>/etc/make.conf</code>.
* [[Flavors and Mix-ins]]
* Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
* User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.


{{note|See [[Custom Profiles]] for information on how to extend the profile system.}}
[[Category:Funtoo features]]
[[Category:Funtoo features]]
[[Category:Portage]]
[[Category:Portage]]
[[Category:Labs]]
[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:HOWTO]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:Official Documentation]]
[[Category:pt_BR]]

Revision as of 21:21, July 16, 2015

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This page covers the Funtoo Linux profile system -- how it works, what profiles are available, and how to use epro to set and change profile settings.

Profile Types

Historically, users have had to add a large number of settings to /etc/make.conf to customize their Gentoo or Funtoo Linux system, which made setup of the operating system more difficult than it should be. In Gentoo Linux, it is possible to only define one system profile. Think of a system profile as the default settings that Portage uses for building everything on your system. Funtoo Linux uses multiple sub-profiles per system. The following profile types are available in Funtoo Linux:

Sub-ProfileDescription
archThis defines CPU-specific settings. Only one arch profile is enabled at install time, and cannot be changed.
subarchThis further refines the CPU-specific settings. One subarch profile is typically enabled at install time.
buildThis defines the type of stability, such as current or stable, and its associated settings. One build profile is enabled, at install time, and is generally not changed.
flavorThis defines the intended use of Funtoo, such as minimal, core, workstation or desktop. One flavor is enabled, and can be changed by the user.
mix-insThese can be enabled by the user, based on the features the user wants, such as gnome, kde, media, mate, X, and hardened.
   Note

Flavors can (and often do) inherit settings from other flavors and mix-ins. Mix-ins can also inherit settings from other mix-ins. For example, X is inherited by gnome. The epro tool will show both as being enabled so there are no surprises.

Using epro

epro show will display the current profile settings on your system: 

root #  epro show

=== Enabled Profiles: ===

        arch:  x86-64bit
       build:  current
     subarch:  intel64-haswell
      flavor:  desktop
     mix-ins:  gnome


=== All inherited flavors from desktop flavor: ===

                     workstation (from desktop flavor)
                            core (from workstation flavor)
                         minimal (from core flavor)

=== All inherited mix-ins from desktop flavor: ===

                               X (from workstation flavor)
                           audio (from workstation flavor)
                             dvd (from workstation flavor)
                           media (from workstation flavor)
      mediadevice-audio-consumer (from media mix-in)
                mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-audio-consumer mix-in)
      mediadevice-video-consumer (from media mix-in)
                mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-video-consumer mix-in)
        mediaformat-audio-common (from media mix-in)
          mediaformat-gfx-common (from media mix-in)
        mediaformat-video-common (from media mix-in)
                  console-extras (from workstation flavor)
                           print (from desktop flavor)

To view all available sub-profile settings, use epro list: 

root #  epro list

Enabled profiles will be highlighted in cyan. Directly enabled profiles will be in bold and have an asterisk * appended. Sub-profiles enabled via inheritance will be highlighted.

Usage Examples

Add the mix-ins gnome and kde
root #  epro mix-ins +gnome +kde
Remove a mix-in, for example gnome
root #  epro mix-ins -gnome
Change the profile arch to x86-64bit
root #  epro arch x86-64bit
Change the subarch to generic_64
root #  epro subarch generic_64
Change the system flavor
root #  epro flavor desktop
Get JSON output of profile settings
root #  epro show-json
Get current sub-profile setting in text form
root #  epro get [profiletype]

Flavors

A system can have only one flavor profile enabled at a time. The following flavors are available:

FlavorDescription
minimalThis flavor defines the most minimal possible flavor. It currently only contains defaults for all Funtoo Linux flavors.
coreThe core flavor is the minimal flavor plus reasonable USE options, and is used for stage3 builds.
serverThe server flavor is intended for servers but at this time just tracks core.
workstationThe workstation flavor is a minimal desktop system. It includes the core flavor plus these mix-ins: X, audio, dvd, media and console-extras.
desktopThe desktop flavor is a full-featured desktop system, minus desktop environment (add KDE, GNOME or XFCE as a mix-in.) It includes the workstation flavor plus printing support.

Mix-ins

A system can have any number of mix-ins enabled at a time. The following mix-ins are available:

Mix-inDescription
audioEnables core audio-related settings, currently related to ALSA.
console-extrasEnables things that are nice to have for console-only systems. Currently enabling gpm in USE.
dvdUSE settings related to optical drives -- CDR/DVD-ROM/RW use.
gnomeUSE and package.use settings required to merge GNOME. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor.
hardenedEnables hardened support.
kdeUSE and package.use settings required to merge KDE. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor.
mediaUSE settings related to audio/video media encoding. Can be for desktops or servers.
printEnables printing capability.
vmware-guestSettings related to using Funtoo Linux as a VMWare virtual machine guest.
XSettings related to the X Window System and hardware support.
xfceUSE settings required for merging XFCE.

Media Device Mix-ins

Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:

Media Device Mix-inDescription
mediadevice-baseCommon, universally-supported media devices, like IEEE-1394 (Firewire), CDDA, CDIO. Other mediadevice mix-ins have this as a parent.
mediadevice-audio-consumerConsumer audio devices, such as personal portable media players (iOS, iPod, etc.)
mediadevice-audio-proPro audio support, such as JACK.
mediadevice-video-consumerConsumer video support, such as DVD, Blu Ray, V4L
mediadevice-video-proPro video support, such as dv, dc1394.

Media Format Mix-ins

Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:

Media Format Mix-inDescription
mediaformat-video-commonCommon (ie. popular) video formats.
mediaformat-video-extraMore esoteric video formats.
mediaformat-audio-commonCommon (ie. popular) audio formats.
mediaformat-audio-extraMore esoteric audio formats.
mediaformat-gfx-commonCommon (ie. popular) graphics formats.
mediaformat-gfx-extraMore esoteric graphics formats.

How to Use Media Mix-Ins

Our existing media mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the desktop and workstation flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:

  • mediadevice-audio-consumer
  • mediadevice-video-consumer
  • mediaformat-audio-common
  • mediaformat-gfx-common
  • mediaformat-video-common

In addition, there is a new media-pro mix-in which needs to be enabled manually, which pulls in the following mix-ins:

  • mediadevice-audio-pro
  • mediadevice-video-pro

So typically, you would enable the desktop or workstation flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the media-pro mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the mediaformat-*-extra mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.

How Profile Settings are Stored

Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the /etc/portage/make.profile/parent file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using ego and epro to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent 
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core

Profile settings for a desktop might look like this:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent 
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media

History and Origins

This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:

  • Fewer settings in /etc/make.conf. CHOST and ARCH no longer set in /etc/make.conf.
  • Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
  • User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.
   Note

See Custom Profiles for information on how to extend the profile system.

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