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Installing Funtoo on a Raspberry Pi 2
This guide draws heavily on Wolfgang Apolinarski's post, Gentoo's Wiki for Raspberry Pi and the Funtoo Raspberry Pi guide.
The guides above are quite probably engough to get most people up and running. I had a few issues along the way, so decided to note them down in case they are of use to others.
What you need
- Raspberry PI 2
- An existing Linux install to perform pre-install steps on
- A suitable SD card for your PI. I used a 16GB class 6 card.
- An HDMI cable
- A USB keyboard
- A cat 5 network cable to connect the PI to your router
Prepare your SD card
Formatting
Insert your SD card into your Linux system. To find out which device it is, issue the following command:
root # dmesg tail
You should see some output identify the device. In my case is was /dev/sdf. In your case, it's quite possibly something different, so please take care to identify the correct device.
Some of the commands coming up WILL DESTROY DATA on existing devices if you pick the wrong one. Most people reading this guide should be familiar with that, but I know I've certainly found guides on the internets in the past and blindly followed along without a full understanding of what is going on...this warning is for that guy!
Now we need to format the SD card to suit our purposes. The following example uses fdisk. If you're more comfortable with a different utility for formatting your drives/cards, you can use that instead.
First, we run fdisk against our SD card to create boot, root and swap partitions. I gave boot 50MB, swap 256MB and root the rest of the card. I've noticed that the swap space doesn't appear to get used during the time I've spent watching it...perhaps this is un-needed - or perhaps someone who understands how the Pi works a little better can explain it or recommend something better.
root # fdisk /dev/sdf Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.25.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): o Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x7bc6906d. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): Using default response p. Partition number (1-4, default 1): First sector (2048-31326207, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-31326207, default 31326207): +50M Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 50 MiB. Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): c If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x partitions, please see the fdisk documentation for additional information. Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'W95 FAT32 (LBA)'. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): p Partition number (2-4, default 2): First sector (104448-31326207, default 104448): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (104448-31326207, default 31326207): +256M Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 256 MiB. Command (m for help): t Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'. Command (m for help): n Partition type p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended (container for logical partitions) Select (default p): Using default response p. Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (628736-31326207, default 628736): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (628736-31326207, default 31326207): Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.7 GiB. Command (m for help): w
Create File Systems
Next, we need to create file systems on the partitions:
root # mkfs.vfat -F 16 /dev/sdf1 root # mkswap /dev/sdf2 root # mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdf3
Download the Necessary Files
The next step is to get the kernel and boot firmware for the Raspberry Pi 2 from Github.
Clone the raspberrypi/firmware respository to your the system you are using for setting up. It was about 3.5GB when I did it, so depending on your connection speed, it can take quite a while. You only actually need to contents of the boot folder from the repo, so if you can just get that it will save some time.
root # mkdir ~/tmp_raspberrypi $ cd tmp_raspberrypi $ git clone https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware.git
Grab the stage 3 files and latest portage snapshot:
root # wget http://build.funtoo.org/funtoo-current/arm-32bit/armv7a_hardfp/stage3-latest.tar.xzz root # wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/funtoo/funtoo-current/snapshots/portage-latest.tar.xz
Prepare Your Boot Partition
Make mount points for your boot and root partitions on the SD card:
root # mkdir ~/piboot ~/piroot
While I've chosen to call my mount points piboot and piroot and locate them in root's home directory on my system, you can call them whatever you like. As always, take care to modify any commands that follow to suit your environment and choices
Mount your SD card:
root # mount /dev/sdf1 ~/piboot $ mount /dev/sdf3 ~/piroot
Copy the boot directory from the git repo onto the boot partition of your SD card:
root # cp -r ~/tmp_raspberrypi/firmware/boot/* ~/piboot
Create a file called cmdline.txt on the boot partition so the rpi can boot into Funtoo:
Paste this into the file:
cmdline.txt root=/dev/mmcblk0p3 rw rootwait console=ttyAMA0,115200 console=tty1 selinux=0 plymouth.enable=0 smsc95xx.turbo_mode=N dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200 elevator=noop
Get the Funtoo Files Onto the SD Card
Next you need to get the Funtoo files onto the root partion of the rpi.
Extract the stage 3 files to your rpi root partition:
root # tar xf stage3-latest.tar.xz -C ~/piroot
Now it's time to unpack the portage tree into the /usr directory of piroot:
root # tar xf portage-latest.tar.xz -C ~/piroot/usr
Pre-boot Configuration
Edit your make.conf file to optimise it for the Raspberry PI (taken from http://www.funtoo.org/Arm7va_hardfp)
/piroot/etc/portage/make.conf CHOST="armv7a-hardfloat-linux-gnueabi"
CFLAGS="-02 -pipe -march=armv7-a -mfloat-abi=hard"
Edit your fstab file so everything mounts correctly on boot:
root # vim ~/piroot/etc/fstab
~/piroot/etc/fstab /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat defaults 0 2
/dev/mmcblk0p2 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p3 / ext4 defaults 0 1
Set a password for root on your Rapsberry Pi by generating the password hash and modifying the shadow file on the SD card.
Generate the password hash:
root # openssl passwd -1
Copy the output hash (e.g.: 1z/p4HaT6$QrIaz/RTpBEIorIkzW4Ac.) and paste it into ~/piroot/etc/shadow Remove the asterisk (*) after "root" and replace it with the hash output.
In ~/piroot/etc/inittab search for s0 and disable the line by commeting it out
~/piroot/etc/inittab ---snip---
#s0:12345:respawn:/sbin/agetty -L 9600 ttyS0 vt100
---snip---
Make sure all buffers have been flushed and unmount the temp directories:
root # sync root # umount ~/piboot ~/piroot
You could remove the directories and files you've used during the install if you want, but it's probably a good idea to leave them there just in case something isn't working right and you need to come back and check/reconfigure things on the SD card.
Booting the Raspberry Pi 2
Now for the fun part!
Insert the SD card into Rpi. Connect your keyboard, monitor and network card, then power it on. It should boot into Funtoo very quickly. If it doesn't work, go back through the guide and make sure you've got everything configured correctly - in particular the cmdline.txt file on the boot partition.
Log in using the password you created earlier. The first thing you'll want to do is fix the clock, set your time zone and sync your portage tree.
Because the Raspberry Pi does not have a hardware clock, you'll need to set the date and time right away. Later on we'll make sure we can get the correct time at boot via NTP, but for now we need to do it manually
root # date MMDDHHMMCCYY
Next, set your timezone:
root # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/YOURTIMEZONE /etc/localtime
Now we need make sure we can connect to the internet:
root # /etc/init.d/dhcpcd start
The next step is to initialise our portage tree so we can start installing additional packages to our system:
root # cd /usr/portage root # git checkout funtoo.org root # emerge --sync
Set your profile with epro:
Depending on what you'll be using your rpi for, use epro to set your profile:
root # epro subarch armv7a_hardfp root # epro flavor server
Now is a good time to enable swclock NTP so we can be sure to set the correct time the next time we boot:
root # emerge ntp -av
Once this finishes building, use rc-update to add it to the default run-level, and start the service with rc-service:
root # rc-update add ntp-client default root # rc-service ntp-client start root # rc-service add swclock boot
Now you can follow the Funtoo Install documentation to continue configuring your system. You'll definitely want to look into No results if you are going to be adding lots of software to your system.