The Funtoo Linux project has transitioned to "Hobby Mode" and this wiki is now read-only.
Perfiles de Funtoo
Esta página cubre el sistema de perfiles de Funtoo -- como trabaja, que perfiles están disponibles, y como usar epro
para definir y cambiar configuraciones de perfiles.
Tipos de perfiles
Historicamente, los usuarios han tenido que agregar un gran número de ajustes a /etc/make.conf
para personalizar su sistema Linux ya sea Gentoo o Funtoo. En Gentoo Linux, solo es posible definir definir un "Perfil de sistema". Piense en un perfil de sistema como la configuración predeterminada que Portage utiliza para la construcción de todo en su sistema. En lugar de un único perfil, Funtoo linux usa múltiples sub-perfiles, y mueve muchos tipos de ajustes que son normalmente almacenados en /etc/make.conf
en el perfil de sistema. Los siguientes tipos de perfiles están disponibles en Funtoo linux:
Tipo de Sub-profile | Descripción |
---|---|
arch | Tipicamente x86-32bit o x86-64bit , Define el tipo de procesador y el soporte de tu sistema. Este es definido cuando tu stage fue construido y no debería se cambiado. |
build | Define si tu sistema se construye de current , stable o experimental . Con current el sistema tendría nuevos paquetes liberados (unmasked) que sistemas con la rama stable . Este es definido cuando tu escenario está construido y tipicamente no es cambiado. |
subarch | Define optimizaciones de CPU en tu sistema. La subarquitecura es definida en el tiempo que el tercer escenario es construido, pero puede ser cambiado después para mejorar los ajustes de ser necesario. Asegúrese de elegir una configuración que sea compatible con su CPU. |
flavor | Define el tipo general del sistema, como server o desktop , y ajustaría los parámetros USE apropiados para tus necesidades. |
mix-ins | Define varios ajustes opcionales que te puede interesar habilitar. |
Los sabores pueden (y a menudo lo hacen) heredar ajustes desde otros sabores y mix-ins. Mix-ins pueden también heredar configuraciones desde otros mix-ins. Por ejemplo, X
is heredado por gnome
. La herramienta epro
mostrará ambos como habilitados para que no hayan sorpresas.
Usando epro
epro show
mostrará el actual perfil de ajustes en su sistema:
root # epro show === Enabled Profiles: === arch: x86-64bit build: current subarch: intel64-haswell flavor: desktop mix-ins: gnome === All inherited flavors from desktop flavor: === workstation (from desktop flavor) core (from workstation flavor) minimal (from core flavor) === All inherited mix-ins from desktop flavor: === X (from workstation flavor) audio (from workstation flavor) dvd (from workstation flavor) media (from workstation flavor) mediadevice-audio-consumer (from media mix-in) mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-audio-consumer mix-in) mediadevice-video-consumer (from media mix-in) mediadevice-base (from mediadevice-video-consumer mix-in) mediaformat-audio-common (from media mix-in) mediaformat-gfx-common (from media mix-in) mediaformat-video-common (from media mix-in) console-extras (from workstation flavor) print (from desktop flavor)
Para ver todos los ajustes de sub-profile disponibles, use epro list
:
root # epro list
Perfiles habilitados estarán resultados en cian. Perfiles habilitados directamente estarán en negrita y tendrán un asterisco *
adjuntado. Sub-profiles habilitados via herencia estarán resaltados.
Ejemplos de uso
Agrega el mix-ins gnome y kde | root # epro mix-ins +gnome +kde |
Remueve un mix-in, por ejemplo gnome | root # epro mix-ins -gnome |
Cambia el perfil de arquitectura a x86-64bit | root # epro arch x86-64bit |
Cambia la subarquitectua a generic_64 | root # epro subarch generic_64 |
Cambia el sabor del sistema | root # epro flavor desktop |
Obten la salida de los ajustes del perfil en JSON | root # epro show-json |
Obten ajustes actuales de sub-profile en formato texto | root # epro get [profiletype] |
Sabores
Un sistema puede tener solo un perfil de sabor habilitado a la vez. Los siguientes sabores están disponibles:
Mix-ins
Un sistema puede tener cualquier número de mix-ins habilitados al mismo tiempo. Los siguientes mix-ins están disponibles:
Sabor | Descripción |
---|---|
minimal | Contine la configuración mínima para todos los sabores de Funtoo Linux. |
core | El sabor core incluye el sabor mínimo, más configuraciones razonables, y es usado para el official stage3 downloads. |
server | En el futuro, el sabor server incluirá el sabor core, más configuraciones específicas diseñadas para servidores. Hasta el momento, esta es equivalente al sabor core. |
workstation | El sabor workstation es un sistema de escritorio mínimo. Incluye el sabor core, más estos mix-ins: X , audio , dvd , media and console-extras . |
desktop | El sabor desktop incluye las configuraciones comunes para cualquier sistema de escritorio con todas sus características. Este incluye el sabor workstation más soporte para printing . Se espera que el usuario pueda personalizar aún más su sistema con un entorno de escritorio de elección, como es KDE, GNOME, o XFCE, posiblemente utilizando un mix-in. |
Mix-in | Description |
---|---|
audio | Enables core audio-related settings, currently related to ALSA. |
console-extras | Enables things that are nice to have for console-only systems. Currently enabling gpm in USE. |
dvd | USE settings related to optical drives -- CDR/DVD-ROM/RW use. |
gnome | USE and package.use settings required to merge GNOME. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor. |
hardened | Enables hardened support. |
kde | USE and package.use settings required to merge KDE. Designed to be used with desktop or workstation flavor. |
media | USE settings related to audio/video media encoding. Can be for desktops or servers. |
print | Enables printing capability. |
vmware-guest | Settings related to using Funtoo Linux as a VMWare virtual machine guest. |
X | Settings related to the X Window System and hardware support. |
xfce | USE settings required for merging XFCE. |
Media Device Mix-ins
Media device mix-ins have been created to support media devices, including external and portable devices, and associated low-level hardware support and hardware-focused codecs. Media devices have been categorized into audio and video categories, and consumer and professional categories. "Consumer" devices are those devices that regular desktop users might typically use, while "professional" devices are those that professionals, hobbyists or enthusiasts would typically use. Here are the new mix-ins for media devices:
Media Device Mix-in | Description |
---|---|
mediadevice-base | Common, universally-supported media devices, like IEEE-1394 (Firewire), CDDA, CDIO. Other mediadevice mix-ins have this as a parent. |
mediadevice-audio-consumer | Consumer audio devices, such as personal portable media players (iOS, iPod, etc.) |
mediadevice-audio-pro | Pro audio support, such as JACK. |
mediadevice-video-consumer | Consumer video support, such as DVD, Blu Ray, V4L |
mediadevice-video-pro | Pro video support, such as dv, dc1394. |
Media Format Mix-ins
Media format mix-ins have been created to support media formats for reading, writing, encoding and decoding images, audio and video. They have been organized into a "common" collection, for popular formats, and an "extra" collection, which is intended to include "everything else". Let's look at the new mix-ins:
Media Format Mix-in | Description |
---|---|
mediaformat-video-common | Common (ie. popular) video formats. |
mediaformat-video-extra | More esoteric video formats. |
mediaformat-audio-common | Common (ie. popular) audio formats. |
mediaformat-audio-extra | More esoteric audio formats. |
mediaformat-gfx-common | Common (ie. popular) graphics formats. |
mediaformat-gfx-extra | More esoteric graphics formats. |
How to Use Media Mix-Ins
Our existing media
mix-in still exists, and is still pulled in by the desktop
and workstation
flavors automatically. It now includes the following parent mix-ins:
mediadevice-audio-consumer
mediadevice-video-consumer
mediaformat-audio-common
mediaformat-gfx-common
mediaformat-video-common
In addition, there is a new media-pro
mix-in which needs to be enabled manually, which pulls in the following mix-ins:
mediadevice-audio-pro
mediadevice-video-pro
So typically, you would enable the desktop
or workstation
flavor, and if you need professional hardware support, you'd also enable the media-pro
mix-in. If you needed any additional media formats support, you could enable one or more of the mediaformat-*-extra
mix-ins to add the formats you needed. Of course, it's possible to enable only the specific mix-ins you need, and also complement these mix-ins with specific USE variable settings you might require.
How Profile Settings are Stored
Funtoo Linux stores its profile settings in the /etc/portage/make.profile/parent
file. Typically, users don't need to modify this file, instead using ego
and epro
to make changes, but it can be handy to take a look at what the contents of the file look like. A simple server might have profile settings as follows:
/etc/portage/make.profile/parent
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
Profile settings for a desktop might look like this:
/etc/portage/make.profile/parent
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
History and Origins
This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was co-designed by Daniel Robbins and Seemant Kulleen and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:
- Fewer settings in
/etc/make.conf
.CHOST
andARCH
no longer set in/etc/make.conf
. - Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
- User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.
See Custom Profiles for information on how to extend the profile system.