LXD/LXD Setup

PART III - LXD Setup

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First setup of LXD/Initialisation

Before using LXD for the first time as a user, you should initialize your LXD environment. As stated earlier btrfs (or zfs) is recommended as your storage filesystem.

root # service lxd start
 * Starting lxd server ...
root # lxd init
Do you want to configure a new storage pool (yes/no) [default=yes]? yes
Name of the new storage pool [default=default]: default
Name of the storage backend to use (dir, btrfs, lvm) [default=dir]: btrfs
Create a new BTRFS pool (yes/no) [default=yes]? yes
Would you like to use an existing block device (yes/no) [default=no]? no
Would you like to create a new subvolume for the BTRFS storage pool (yes/no) [default=yes]: yes
Would you like LXD to be available over the network (yes/no) [default=no]? no
Would you like stale cached images to be updated automatically (yes/no) [default=yes]? no
Would you like to create a new network bridge (yes/no) [default=yes]? yes
What should the new bridge be called [default=lxdbr0]? lxdbr0
What IPv4 address should be used (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]? auto
What IPv6 address should be used (CIDR subnet notation, “auto” or “none”) [default=auto]? auto
LXD has been successfully configured.

What this does is it creates btrfs subvolumes like this:

user $ btrfs sub list .
ID 260 gen 1047 top level 5 path rootfs
ID 280 gen 1046 top level 260 path var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default
ID 281 gen 1043 top level 280 path var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/containers
ID 282 gen 1044 top level 280 path var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/snapshots
ID 283 gen 1045 top level 280 path var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/images
ID 284 gen 1046 top level 280 path var/lib/lxd/storage-pools/default/custom

It also creates new network interface for you:

user $ ip a list dev lxdbr0
8: lxdbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether d2:9b:70:f2:8f:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.250.237.1/24 scope global lxdbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 169.254.59.23/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope global lxdbr0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fd42:efd8:662e:3184::1/64 scope global
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::caf5:b7ed:445e:b112/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

And last but not least it also generates iptables rules for you:

user $ iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp dpt:domain /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:domain /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:bootps /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             anywhere             tcp spt:domain /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp spt:domain /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */
ACCEPT     udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp spt:bootps /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */

user $ iptables -L -t nat
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
MASQUERADE  all  --  10.250.237.0/24     !10.250.237.0/24      /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */

user $ iptables -L -t mangle
Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination

Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination
CHECKSUM   udp  --  anywhere             anywhere             udp dpt:bootpc /* generated for LXD network lxdbr0 */ CHECKSUM fill

Some other things done by the initialization and starting of the LXD daemon are:

• dnsmasq listening on lxdbr0
• ...

Finishing up the setup of LXD

   Note

Some good instruction for a production server can be found here.

There are still some things that you need to do manually. We need to setup subuid and subgid values for our containers to use. And for using non-systemd containers we will also need app-admin/cgmanager so emerge and start it now.

root # rc-update add lxd default
root # rc-update add lxcfs default
root # touch /etc/subuid
root # touch /etc/subgid
root # usermod --add-subuids 100000-165535 root
root # usermod --add-subgids 100000-165535 root
root # /etc/init.d/lxd restart
root # openrc

LXD restart is needed to inform the daemon of the uid/gid changes.