Funtoo Linux: Localización

Definir el idioma del sistema

En Funtoo hay dos archivos de configuración responsables de predeterminar el idioma: /etc/locale.gen y /etc/env.d/00basic. El primer archivo solo tiene una "localización" (locale) habilitada, se trata de en_US.UTF-8. El segundo archivo viene predeterminado en Stage 3 y es el responsable de la localización en_US.UTF-8 al nivel de todo el sistema. No se recomienda editarlo.

Los siguientes pasos le guiarán en el procesos de configurar el idioma predeterminado de su sistema y usa como ejemplo el francés canadiense.

Primero, usted necesitará editar el archivo /etc/locale.gen:

root # nano -w /etc/locale.gen

Debe especificar su localización preferida junto con el formato de caracteres que le acompaña (la mayoría de los usuarios eligen UTF-8):

   Note

Se recomienda mantener el local por defecto: en_US.UTF-8 como plan B si algo sale mal.

   /etc/locale.gen

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
fr_CA.UTF-8 UTF-8

Para determinar la localización apropiada para su sistema, usted debe revisar /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED para encontrar la lista de combinaciones soportadas o, también, revisar el directorio /usr/share/i18n/locales/ para encontrar un listado válido de posibles locales.

   Warning

Le recomendamos encarecidamente que use "al menos una localizacación en UTF-8" porque algunas aplicaciones pueden requerirla.

Ahora, esos locales necesitan ser generados:

root # locale-gen
 * Generating 2 locales (this might take a while) with 1 jobs
 *  (1/2) Generating en_US.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 *  (2/2) Generating fr_CA.UTF-8 ... [ ok ]
 * Generation complete

Once done, you can apply your locale settings system-wide. First display all available options:

user $ eselect locale list
root ##b##Available targets for the LANG variable:
  [1]   C
  [2]   POSIX
  [3]   fr_CA.utf8
  [4]   en_US.utf8 *
  [ ]   (free form)

The blue star indicates the current default system locale. You can now change it according your wishes:

root # eselect locale set 3
Setting LANG to fr_CA.utf8 ...
Run ". /etc/profile" to update the variable in your shell.

Alternatively, you can set the default locale manually. This file should be created first with your prefered editor:

   /etc/env.d/02locale

LANG="fr_CA.utf8"

You can verify your actions using:

user $ eselect locale show
root ##b##LANG variable in profile:
  fr_CA.utf8

For an immediate effect it is required to reload the environment:

root # env-update && source /etc/profile
>>> Regenerating /etc/ld.so.cache...

Congratulations! You have successfully set up your default language on Funtoo.

Portage Settings

Portage uses a special variable L10N that defines what localizations/translations get installed by default. By default, L10N is unset, which only builds the packages' default language.

It is possible to customize the setting of L10N by setting it in /etc/portage/make.conf:

   /etc/portage/make.conf (bash source code)

# Install English (United States) and Chinese (China) translations (if available)
L10N="en-US zh-CN"

The LI10N variable should use spaces between each localization name. A list of all supported languages can be found in /usr/portage/profiles/desc/l10n.desc.

Some old packages still use the deprecated LINGUAS variable. You can set it in /etc/portage/make.conf:

   /etc/portage/make.conf (bash source code)

LINGUAS="en_US zh_CN"

It uses the same syntax, but uses other language codes which can be found in /usr/portage/profiles/desc/linguas.desc.

After setting the L10N and LINGUAS USE flags you may need to re-emerge some packages:

root # emerge --ask --newuse --deep --with-bdeps=y @world

Read Your Language

A newly installed Funtoo Linux does not able to read all the languages. You want to read the stuff, say, in Mozilla Firefox. You need to install fonts - A good sign that you have not installed the proper fonts is that the following characters appear as boxes with numbers inside: 日本語フォント

Check if you have your language installed (Chinese) by using the fc-list command from the media-libs/fontconfig ebuild:

root # fc-list :lang=zh

If you are lucky, the right font will be installed, and your apps will also be able to use Chinese as the default language. But in case you not have the right font installed in this way, you need to install them manually.

For Japanese:

root # emerge media-fonts/kochi-substitute

For Chinese:

root # emerge media-fonts/arphicfonts

For Korean:

root # emerge media-fonts/baekmuk-fonts

A very good alternative could be a Noto Fonts by Google, claimed to be a fonts with widest language support:

root # emerge media-fonts/noto

Keymap

Funtoo Linux defaults to a US English keyboard. If you are using another type of keyboard, edit /etc/conf.d/keymaps and set keymap to your keyboard model. For example, cf for French Canadian keyboard, fr for French Azerty.

root # nano -w /etc/conf.d/keymaps

Input Method

ibus is an Intelligent Input Bus for Linux.

root # emerge -av ibus

You also need to install language table for ibus (Chinese)

root # emerge -av ibus-table-chinese