Package:Apache

Apache

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Apache is a powerful web server which serves html/css/cgi/pl out of the box, and can serve other languages/frameworks via extensions.

The Apache Homepage says this of Apache:

The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort to develop and maintain an open-source HTTP server for modern operating systems including UNIX and Windows NT. The goal of this project is to provide a secure, efficient and extensible server that provides HTTP services in sync with the current HTTP standards.

Install

USE Flags

Use flag	Default	Recommended	Description
debug	No	No	Enable extra debug codepaths, like asserts and extra output. If you want to get meaningful backtraces see http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/qa/backtraces.xml.
doc	No		Add extra documentation (API, Javadoc, etc). It is recommended to enable per package instead of globally
ldap	No		Add LDAP support (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol).
selinux	No	No, unless selected by default.	!!internal use only!! Security Enhanced Linux support, this must be set by the selinux profile or breakage will occur
ssl	Yes		Add support for Secure Socket Layer connections.
static	No		!!do not set this during bootstrap!! Causes binaries to be statically linked instead of dynamically.
threads	No		Add threads support for various packages. Usually pthreads.

If you want to enable any of the above use flags, create a file called /etc/portage/package.use/apache and add the options that you want to enable to it. For example:

   /etc/portage/package.use/apache

www-servers/apache ssl threads

Emerge

After you have configured the USE flags that you want to build Apache with, emerge it:

root # emerge apache

Configuration

System

Many packages have apache2 use flags. These use flags are often required for an application to be supported by Apache. Setting a system wide apache2 use flag is a good idea.

   /etc/portage/make.conf - set system wide apache2 useflag

USE="...,apache2,..."

Package

Apache's configuration files are broken up and located in several spots.

• /etc/conf.d/apache2
• /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
• /etc/apache2/modules.d/*
• /etc/apache2/vhosts.d/*

conf.d controls the init script, adding things to it such as -D SECURITY & -D PHP5 will enable web application fire-walling & the php scripting language.

httpd.conf controls how the server behaves, at the bottom of the file it has directives to include configuration files ending in .conf in /etc/apache2/modules.d and /etc/apache2/vhosts.d

Service

To start apache immediately:

root # rc-service apache2 start

To start apache upon boot:

root # rc-update add apache2

mod_rewrite

What is mod_rewrite?

The Apache documentation describes mod_rewrite as:

The mod_rewrite module uses a rule-based rewriting engine, based on a PCRE regular-expression parser, to rewrite requested URLs on the fly. By default, mod_rewrite maps a URL to a filesystem path. However, it can also be used to redirect one URL to another URL, or to invoke an internal proxy fetch.

Setting it up

mod_rewrite has a reputation of being difficult to set up. mod_rewrite requires following symlinks & Order allow,deny (apache 2.2) or Require all granted (apache 2.4) is set. To test functionality of mod_rewrite we will need to make a few files.

   Note

If you want to test this for web applications such as mediawiki adjust the path to /var/www/localhost/htdocs/mediawiki/.htaccess

   /var/www/localhost/htdocs/.htaccess - enable the rewrite engine

RewriteEngine on 
RewriteRule ^test.html$ rewrite.html

   /var/www/localhost/htdocs/test.html - set system wide apache2 useflag

rewrite is not working

   /var/www/localhost/htdocs/rewrite.html - set system wide apache2 useflag

rewrite is working

Then point your browser to http://127.0.0.1/test.html. You should see that the text from rewrite.html has been loaded.