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User:Pnoecker/full disk encryption

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This howto describes how to setup LVM, boot, swap, and root with dmcrypt LUKS 1 with grub unlocking the encrypted drive. It is a standalone installation walk through, loosely based on the official installations finished product.

   Warning

You may try this installation method at your own risk! Please note: this guide is outside of the official installation documentation, and cannot be supported. If you choose to use this, we assume you know what you are doing and you are on your own!

Prepare the hard drive and partitions

  • Before you begin, make sure you are partitioning the correct drive. For the rest of this tutorial, we will be using /dev/sdX as a placeholder.
root # lsblk
#NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
#sda             8:0    0  1.8T  0 disk 
#├─sdX1          8:1    0    1M  0 bios_boot
#├─sdX2          8:2    0    8G  0 esp      /efi
#└─sdX3          8:3    0  1.8T  0 part 
#  ├─main-root 254:0    0  500G  0 lvm  /
#  └─main-data 254:1    0  1.3T  0 lvm  /home

link your drive to /dev/sdX

to make following this guide easier you can set udev rules and link the drive you're installing to /dev/sdX so everything is copy paste. just replace the kernel's == sda/mmc/nvme to match your target drive.

  • hda/sda drives:
root # echo 'KERNEL=="sda*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger
  • mmc/nvme drives:
root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0", SYMLINK+="sdX"' > /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # echo 'KERNEL=="mmcblk0p*", SYMLINK+="sdX%n"' >> /etc/udev/rules.d/01-funtoo.rules
root # udevadm control --reload-rules
root # udevadm trigger
  • verify linking
root # ls -al /dev/sdX*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX -> sde
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX1 -> sde1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Jul 31 14:00 /dev/sdX2 -> sde2

Partition

UEFI Partitioning

root # gdisk /dev/sdX

Within gdisk, follow these steps:

Empty the partition table: 

Command: o ↵
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): y ↵

Create bios boot partition: 

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 1 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +1M ↵
Hex Code: EF02 ↵

Create efi esp partition: 

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 2 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: +64M ↵
Hex Code: EF00 ↵

Create partition which will be encrypted with LUKS: 

Command: n ↵
Partition Number: 3 ↵
First sector: ↵
Last sector: ↵ (for rest of disk)
Hex Code:  8309↵

Write Partition Table To Disk: 

Command: w ↵
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y ↵

The partition table will now be written to the disk and gdisk will close.

Create and mount filesystems.

Create esp filesystem 

root # mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdX2
  • label esp system for fstab later on:
root # fatlabel /dev/sdX2 "EFI"


Create LUKS encrypted volume

   Warning

The debian-sources kernel in current stage3 tarballs does not allow for passwords in excess of 63 characters. 

root # cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks1 /dev/sdX3

Open newly created LUKS volume 

root # cryptsetup open /dev/sdX3 root

Create LVM volumes for / and swap 

root # pvcreate /dev/mapper/root
root # vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/root
   Note

Replace "2G" with the amount of swap you would like to make available. 

root # lvcreate -L2G --name swap vg
root # lvcreate -l 100%FREE --name root vg
   Note

The "-l 100%FREE" option above will use the remainder of the disk for your root partition. If you would prefer to create separate for /home or /var (for example), you can instead continue to use the "-LXXG" option for fixed sizes.

Create filesystems on LVM volumes 

root # mkswap /dev/mapper/vg-swap
  • for ext4:
root # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/vg-root
  • for xfs:
root # mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg-root

Create directories for chroot 

root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo

Mount filesystems

root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo

Set the date

   Note

See the official Funtoo docs on setting the date.

Install the Funtoo starge tarball of your choice

   Note

These instructions will be using the generic64 next minimal stage3. You should adjust them accordingly.

or a stage more closely aligned to your hardware:

or funtoo from scratch generated stages: 

root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # wget https://build.funtoo.org/next/x86-64bit/generic_64/2022-09-13/stage3-generic_64-next-2022-09-13.tar.xz
root # tar --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' -xpf *stage3*.tar.xz && rm -f *stage3*.tar.xz

Chroot into your new system

Traditional Method

root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo/proc
root # mount -t proc none /mnt/funtoo/proc
root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo/dev
root # mount --rbind /dev /mnt/funtoo/dev
root # mkdir -p /mnt/funtoo/sys
root # mount --rbind /sys /mnt/funtoo/sys
root # env -i HOME=/root TERM=$TERM $(which chroot) /mnt/funtoo /bin/bash -l

Fchroot Method

root # fchroot .

Configure your system

Set a new root password 

root # passwd

Set hostname 

root # echo 'hostname="FullEncryption"' > /etc/conf.d/hostname

Set up DNS resolution

   Note

We are using the Cloudflare DNS server address here. Feel free to use your own. 

root # echo "nameserver 1.1.1.1" > /etc/resolv.conf

Set your timezone 

root # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/$(tzselect) /etc/localtime

Note your filesystem information 

root # blkid
/dev/sdX2: UUID="6453-0C55" TYPE="vfat" PARTLABEL="efi" PARTUUID="4e195c4b-f88c-4205-b9df-79a879704b2f"
/dev/sdX3: UUID="aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" PARTLABEL="system" PARTUUID="93d0cf9b-0b95-4d8b-919f-48cd1774996f"
/dev/mapper/root: UUID="hvz79n-I2VE-nR1c-0hDQ-PVkR-3GRb-rnuJ9C" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/mapper/vg-swap: UUID="a9188bc3-7def-422b-990d-9de431825779" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/vg-root: UUID="2eaf45e6-d33b-4155-b4ca-63a2fdbfb896" TYPE="ext4"

Configure /etc/fstab

  • if installing to xfs change ext4 to xfs
root # cat > /etc/fstab << 'EOF'
/dev/mapper/vg-swap none swap sw 0 0
/dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 noatime,nodiratime,defaults 0 1
tmpfs /var/tmp/portage tmpfs uid=portage,gid=portage,mode=775,noatime 0 0
LABEL=EFI /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
EOF

compile in ram: 

root # mkdir /var/tmp/portage
root # chown portage:portage /var/tmp/portage
root # mount /var/tmp/portage

or exclude compiling in ram if your machine's not powerful enough: 

root # umount /var/tmp/portage

Create /etc/crypttab

   Note

The UUID parameter is set to the UUID of /dev/sdX3 as found from the blkid command above. 

root # echo "root UUID=aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3 none luks,discard" >> /etc/crypttab

Portage

Download the portage tree 

root # ego sync

Edit package USE-flags 

root # cat > /etc/portage/package.use <<'EOF'
*/* device-mapper
sys-kernel/linux-firmware initramfs
sys-fs/cryptsetup -dynamic
EOF

Install necessary packages 

root # emerge grub haveged intel-microcode linux-firmware cryptsetup lvm2 iucode_tool shim mokutil

Update as much world as possible (optional) 

root # emerge -avuND @world --keep-going

Configure services to start at boot 

root # rc-update add device-mapper sysinit
root # rc-update add dmcrypt sysinit
root # rc-update add lvmetad sysinit
root # rc-update add haveged default
root # rc-update add busybox-ntpd default

Create /etc/dmtab 

root # dmsetup table >> /etc/dmtab

Install a bootloader

Configure /etc/boot.conf

   Note

The UUID parameter is set to the UUID of /dev/sdX3 as found from the blkid command above. 

root # cat > /etc/boot.conf <<'EOF'
boot {
    generate grub
    default "Funtoo Linux"
    timeout 3
}
"Funtoo Linux" {
    kernel kernel[-v]
    initrd initramfs[-v]
    params += crypt_root=UUID=aafe709b-82e7-448f-a2cb-36adc3787dc3 ramdisk.activate=luks,lvm real_root=auto rootfstype=auto resume=/dev/mapper/vg-swap quiet
}
EOF

Install GRUB

For BIOS systems & UEFI legacy mode support

root # echo "GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y" >> /etc/default/grub
root # grub-install --target=i386-pc --no-floppy /dev/sdX

For UEFI systems

root # mount -o remount,rw /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

Install grub & shim

  • load efi directory:
root # mkdir /boot/efi
root # mount /boot/efi
  • generate a sbat file to install with grub:
root # cat > /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv << EOF
sbat,1,SBAT Version,sbat,1,https://github.com/rhboot/shim/blob/main/SBAT.md
grub,1,Free Software Foundation,grub,2.06,https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
EOF

64bit systems

root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Funtoo
  • For usb keys & removable drives:
root # grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTX64.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmx64.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT

32bit systems

root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="Funtoo" --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /boot/efi/EFI/Funtoo
  • For usb keys & removable drives:
root # grub-install --target=i386-efi --sbat /usr/share/grub/sbat.csv --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id="BOOT" --no-nvram --recheck /dev/sdX
root # cp /usr/share/shim/BOOTIA32.EFI /usr/share/shim/mmia32.efi /boot/efi/EFI/BOOT

Generate Grub menu

Generate a new initramfs that supports encryption 

root # genkernel --clean --luks --lvm --disklabel --ramdisk-modules --fullname=$(ls /boot/initramfs-* | tail -c +17) initramfs

Generate Grub menu

root # ego boot update

Finishing installation

From this point, you should be able to finish following the official Funtoo Linux install instructions

Managing your LUKS volume

Change your LUKs-encrypted drive's passphrase You may want to change your encrypted volume’s passphrase or password from time to time. To do so, run the following commands in the console as root: 

root # cryptsetup luksChangeKey /dev/sdx3

You'll be prompted to enter in the existing passphrase first, then to enter in your new passphrase. You will not be asked to confirm your new passphrase, so be careful when running this operation.

Rechroot

In the event of build failure, to rechroot requires unlocking the root, re-mounting, and re-chroot. 

root # cryptsetup open /dev/sdX3 root
root # mkdir /mnt/funtoo
root # mount /dev/mapper/vg-root /mnt/funtoo
root # cd /mnt/funtoo
root # fchroot .
  • remount efi:
root # mount /boot/efi

If you intend to compile in ram again, mount /var/tmp/portage 

root # mount /var/tmp/portage

update available ebuilds, and rebuild world: 

root # ego sync && emerge -avuND @world

Additional links and information

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