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Grub-install
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This is an annotation about what grub-install does. This is based on the =sys-boot/grub-1.98-r1 version.
#! /bin/sh
This tells the Linux kernel that this script will be executed with /bin/sh.
# Install GRUB on your drive.
# Copyright (C) 1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
This section tells that this script falls under the GNU General Public License.
# Initialize some variables.
transform="s,x,x,"
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
sbindir=/sbin
bindir=/bin
libdir=/lib64
PACKAGE_NAME=GRUB
PACKAGE_TARNAME=grub
PACKAGE_VERSION=1.98
target_cpu=i386
platform=pc
host_os=linux-gnu
font=/usr/share/grub/ascii.pf2
pkglibdir=${libdir}/`echo ${PACKAGE_TARNAME}/${target_cpu}-${platform} | sed ${transform}`
These are some variables set when Grub was configured for the system.
grub_setup=${sbindir}/`echo grub-setup | sed ${transform}`
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] || [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "sparc64-ieee1275" ] || [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "mips-yeeloong" ] ; then
grub_mkimage=${bindir}/`echo grub-mkimage | sed ${transform}`
else
grub_mkimage=${bindir}/`echo grub-mkelfimage | sed ${transform}`
fi
grub_mkdevicemap=${sbindir}/`echo grub-mkdevicemap | sed ${transform}`
grub_probe=${sbindir}/`echo grub-probe | sed ${transform}`
grub_editenv=${bindir}/`echo grub-editenv | sed ${transform}`
rootdir=
grub_prefix=`echo /boot/grub | sed ${transform}`
modules=
install_device=
no_floppy=
force_lba=
recheck=no
debug=no
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] ; then
disk_module=biosdisk
elif [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "sparc64-ieee1275" ] ; then
disk_module=
else
disk_module=ata
fi
Further variables were initialized some of which were done so in a platform-dependent manner such as disk_module being set to biosdisk on i386-pc systems.
# Usage: usage
# Print the usage.
usage () {
cat <<EOF
Usage: grub-install [OPTION] install_device
Install GRUB on your drive.
-h, --help print this message and exit
-v, --version print the version information and exit
--modules=MODULES pre-load specified modules MODULES
--root-directory=DIR install GRUB images under the directory DIR
instead of the root directory
--grub-setup=FILE use FILE as grub-setup
--grub-mkimage=FILE use FILE as grub-mkimage
--grub-mkdevicemap=FILE use FILE as grub-mkdevicemap
--grub-probe=FILE use FILE as grub-probe
--no-floppy do not probe any floppy drive
--recheck probe a device map even if it already exists
--force install even if problems are detected
EOF
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] ; then
cat <<EOF
--disk-module=MODULE disk module to use
EOF
fi
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "mips-yeeloong" ] ; then
cat <<EOF
--font=FILE font file to use
EOF
fi
cat <<EOF
INSTALL_DEVICE can be a GRUB device name or a system device filename.
grub-install copies GRUB images into /boot/grub (or /grub on NetBSD and
OpenBSD), and uses grub-setup to install grub into the boot sector.
If the --root-directory option is used, then grub-install will copy
images into the operating system installation rooted at that directory.
Report bugs to <bug-grub@gnu.org>.
EOF
}
This sets up the usage message that grub-install prints if it doesn't understand what arguments it was given.
# Check the arguments.
for option in "$@"; do
case "$option" in
-h | --help)
usage
exit 0 ;;
-v | --version)
echo "grub-install (GNU GRUB ${PACKAGE_VERSION})"
exit 0 ;;
--modules=*)
modules=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--modules=//'` ;;
--font=*)
font=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--font=//'` ;;
--root-directory=*)
rootdir=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--root-directory=//'` ;;
--grub-setup=*)
grub_setup=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--grub-setup=//'` ;;
--grub-mkimage=*)
grub_mkimage=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--grub-mkimage=//'` ;;
--grub-mkdevicemap=*)
grub_mkdevicemap=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--grub-mkdevicemap=//'` ;;
--grub-probe=*)
grub_probe=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--grub-probe=//'` ;;
--no-floppy)
no_floppy="--no-floppy" ;;
--recheck)
recheck=yes ;;
--disk-module=*)
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] ; then
disk_module=`echo "$option" | sed 's/--disk-module=//'`
fi ;;
# This is an undocumented feature...
--debug)
debug=yes ;;
-f | --force)
setup_force="--force" ;;
-*)
echo "Unrecognized option \`$option'" 1>&2
usage
exit 1
;;
*)
if test "x$install_device" != x; then
echo "More than one install_devices?" 1>&2
usage
exit 1
fi
install_device="${option}" ;;
esac
done
This section parses the command line arguments and sets variables appropriately.
# for make_system_path_relative_to_its_root()
. ${libdir}/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib
if test "x$install_device" = x && test "${target_cpu}-${platform}" != "mips-yeeloong"; then
echo "install_device not specified." 1>&2
usage
exit 1
fi
This block ensures that a destination device was specified to grub-install as an argument.
# If the debugging feature is enabled, print commands.
setup_verbose=
if test $debug = yes; then
set -x
setup_verbose="--verbose"
fi
This block makes grub-install more verbose if grub was built with debugging enabled.
# Initialize these directories here, since ROOTDIR was initialized.
case "$host_os" in
netbsd* | openbsd*)
# Because /boot is used for the boot block in NetBSD and OpenBSD, use /grub
# instead of /boot/grub.
grub_prefix=`echo /grub | sed ${transform}`
bootdir=${rootdir}
;;
*)
# Use /boot/grub by default.
bootdir=${rootdir}/boot
;;
esac
Set up the location where Grub will be installed.
grubdir=${bootdir}/`echo grub | sed ${transform}`
device_map=${grubdir}/device.map
grub_probe="${grub_probe} --device-map=${device_map}"
# Check if GRUB is installed.
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] || [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "sparc64-ieee1275" ] ; then
set $grub_setup dummy
if test -f "$1"; then
:
else
echo "$1: Not found." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
fi
set $grub_mkimage dummy
if test -f "$1"; then
:
else
echo "$1: Not found." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
set $grub_mkdevicemap dummy
if test -f "$1"; then
:
else
echo "$1: Not found." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
These blocks ensure that grub components are installed.
# Create the GRUB directory if it is not present.
test -d "$bootdir" || mkdir "$bootdir" || exit 1
test -d "$grubdir" || mkdir "$grubdir" || exit 1
# If --recheck is specified, remove the device map, if present.
if test $recheck = yes; then
rm -f $device_map
fi
# Create the device map file if it is not present.
if test -f "$device_map"; then
:
else
# Create a safe temporary file.
test -n "$mklog" && log_file=`$mklog`
$grub_mkdevicemap --device-map=$device_map $no_floppy || exit 1
fi
This creates the device map by calling grub-mkdevicemap. That program will create a mapping from the Grub device names to the Linux device nodes.
# Make sure that there is no duplicated entry.
tmp=`sed -n '/^([fh]d[0-9]*)/s/\(^(.*)\).*/\1/p' $device_map \
| sort | uniq -d | sed -n 1p`
if test -n "$tmp"; then
echo "The drive $tmp is defined multiple times in the device map $device_map" 1>&2
exit 1
fi
This does some sanity checks on the device map file in case it has been manually corrected in an erroneous way.
# Copy the GRUB images to the GRUB directory.
for file in ${grubdir}/*.mod ${grubdir}/*.lst ${grubdir}/*.img ${grubdir}/efiemu??.o; do
if test -f $file && [ "`basename $file`" != menu.lst ]; then
rm -f $file || exit 1
fi
done
for file in ${pkglibdir}/*.mod ${pkglibdir}/*.lst; do
cp -f $file ${grubdir} || exit 1
done
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] || [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "sparc64-ieee1275" ] ; then
for file in ${pkglibdir}/*.img ${pkglibdir}/efiemu??.o; do
if test -f $file; then
cp -f $file ${grubdir} || exit 1
fi
done
fi
# Copy gettext files
mkdir -p ${grubdir}/locale/
for file in ${grubdir}/locale/*.mo ${pkglibdir}/locale/*.mo; do
if test -f "$file"; then
cp -f "$file" ${grubdir}/locale/
fi
done
This copies grub components and its localization files to the boot directory.
# Write device to a variable so we don't have to traverse /dev every time.
grub_device=`$grub_probe --target=device ${grubdir}`
if ! test -f ${grubdir}/grubenv; then
$grub_editenv ${grubdir}/grubenv create
fi
# Create the core image. First, auto-detect the filesystem module.
fs_module=`$grub_probe --target=fs --device ${grub_device}`
if test "x$fs_module" = x -a "x$modules" = x; then
echo "Auto-detection of a filesystem module failed." 1>&2
echo "Please specify the module with the option \`--modules' explicitly." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
# Then the partition map module. In order to support partition-less media,
# this command is allowed to fail (--target=fs already grants us that the
# filesystem will be accessible).
partmap_module=`$grub_probe --target=partmap --device ${grub_device} 2> /dev/null`
# Device abstraction module, if any (lvm, raid).
devabstraction_module=`$grub_probe --target=abstraction --device ${grub_device}`
# The order in this list is critical. Be careful when modifying it.
modules="$modules $disk_module"
modules="$modules $fs_module $partmap_module $devabstraction_module"
Since Grub is modular, it needs the modules that allow it to recognize the boot directory. Consequently, it uses the grub-probe command to determine the modules necessary and adds them to the modules list in an appropriate order. Once it can recognize the boot directory, Grub can dynamically load modules as necessary and read its configuration file.
relative_grubdir=`make_system_path_relative_to_its_root ${grubdir}` || exit 1
if [ "x${relative_grubdir}" = "x" ] ; then
relative_grubdir=/
fi
prefix_drive=
config_opt=
if [ "x${devabstraction_module}" = "x" ] ; then
if [ x"${install_device}" != x ]; then
if echo "${install_device}" | grep -qx "(.*)" ; then
install_drive="${install_device}"
else
install_drive="`$grub_probe --target=drive --device ${install_device}`"
fi
install_drive="`echo ${install_drive} | sed -e s/,[0-9]*[a-z]*//g`"
fi
grub_drive="`$grub_probe --target=drive --device ${grub_device}`"
# Strip partition number
grub_drive="`echo ${grub_drive} | sed -e s/,[0-9]*[a-z]*//g`"
if [ "$disk_module" = ata ] ; then
# generic method (used on coreboot and ata mod)
uuid="`$grub_probe --target=fs_uuid --device ${grub_device}`"
if [ "x${uuid}" = "x" ] ; then
echo "UUID needed with ata mod, but the filesystem containing ${grubdir} does not support UUIDs." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
echo "search.fs_uuid ${uuid} root " > ${grubdir}/load.cfg
echo 'set prefix=($root)'"${relative_grubdir}" >> ${grubdir}/load.cfg
config_opt="-c ${grubdir}/load.cfg "
modules="$modules search_fs_uuid"
elif [ "x${grub_drive}" != "x${install_drive}" ] ; then
uuid="`$grub_probe --target=fs_uuid --device ${grub_device}`"
if [ "x${uuid}" = "x" ] ; then
echo "You attempted a cross-disk install, but the filesystem containing ${grubdir} does not support UUIDs." 1>&2
exit 1
fi
echo "search.fs_uuid ${uuid} root " > ${grubdir}/load.cfg
echo 'set prefix=($root)'"${relative_grubdir}" >> ${grubdir}/load.cfg
config_opt="-c ${grubdir}/load.cfg "
modules="$modules search_fs_uuid"
fi
else
prefix_drive=`$grub_probe --target=drive --device ${grub_device}`
fi
Partitions can be moved around or initialized in a different order, so Grub wants to identify filesystems by their UUIDs. It also can load from a drive different from where it is installed. It does further probing to determine if the UUID module will be needed and includes it with the other modules.
if [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "i386-pc" ] || [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "sparc64-ieee1275" ] ; then
$grub_mkimage ${config_opt} --output=${grubdir}/core.img --prefix=${prefix_drive}${relative_grubdir} $modules || exit 1
# Now perform the installation.
$grub_setup ${setup_verbose} ${setup_force} --directory=${grubdir} --device-map=${device_map} \
${install_device} || exit 1
elif [ "${target_cpu}-${platform}" = "mips-yeeloong" ] ; then
$grub_mkimage ${config_opt} -f ${font} -d ${pkglibdir} -O elf --output=/boot/grub.elf --prefix=${prefix_drive}${relative_grubdir} $modules || exit 1
else
$grub_mkimage ${config_opt} -d ${pkglibdir} --output=/boot/multiboot.img --prefix=${prefix_drive}${relative_grubdir} $modules || exit 1
fi
echo "Installation finished. No error reported."
# Bye.
exit 0
Grub finally uses the information about needed modules to create an image using grub-mkimage. The initial boot.img file is then modified to point to the core.img file that was just generated. That image is then installed to the desired installation device with grub-setup.