Funtoo Profiles/pt-br

O que é um profile?

No Gentoo e no Funtoo Linux, profiles são utilizados para definir configurações base do sistema, e tem tido historicamente um monte de potenciais inexplorados. No Funtoo Linux, Eu quis tirar da vantagem um pouco desse potencial para permitir aos usuários do Funtoo Linux de facilmente adaptar seu sistema para vários tipos de funções. Entre o novo Funtoo profile system.

O Que É

Historicamente, os usuários tem tido que adicionar uma tonelada de configurações em /etc/make.conf para personalizar seus Gentoo ou Funtoo Linux, da qual tem tornado a instalação do sistema operacional mais dificultoso do que deveria ser.

No Gentoo Linux, é possível somente definir um system profile. Pense em um system profile como as configurações padrão que o Portage utiliza para a construção de tudo em seu sistema.

In Funtoo Linux, multiple profiles can be enabled at the same time. These include:

• arch - one arch profile is enabled, at build time, and is not changed. This defines CPU architecture-specific settings.
• build - one build profile is enabled, at build time, and is generally not changed. It defines the type of build, such as 'current' or 'stable', and associated settings.
• flavor - one flavor is enabled per system, and can be changed by the user. This defines the general use of the system, such as 'minimal', 'core', 'workstation' or 'desktop'
• mix-in - zero or more mix-ins can be enabled that enable settings specific to a particular subset of features, such as 'gnome', 'kde', 'media', 'mate', 'X', 'hardened'

   Note

See Flavors and Mix-ins for a complete list of all flavors and mix-ins available in Funtoo Linux, along with descriptions of what each one does.

Origins and Benefits

This new system is really a completion of the original cascading profile design that was designed by Daniel Robbins and implemented by Seemant Kulleen as part of Portage. Funtoo Profiles designed to leverage the existing cascading profile system and provide something much more useable and maintainable for users and developers alike. Here are some of its benefits:

• Fewer settings in /etc/make.conf. CHOST and ARCH no longer set in /etc/make.conf.
• Separation of concerns -- arch, build, and flavor-related settings are organized together.
• User flexibility - any number of mix-ins can be enabled to tweak masks or USE settings as needed.

   Note

See Custom Profiles for information on how to extend the profile system.

Switch to the Funtoo 1.0 Profile

Using eselect

The preferred method of adding and removing profiles is to use eselect profile. This will ensure that profiles are added correctly and in the proper order. The order is imperative for things to work right.

Type the following to view a list of available options for eselect profile:

root # eselect profile help

For a start, let's see what the default configuration has to offer. Get an overview using the list command:

root # eselect profile list
root ##b##Currently available arch profiles:
  [1]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit * 
  [2]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
root ##b##Currently available build profiles:
  [3]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
  [4]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current * 
  [5]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
root ##b##Currently available flavor profiles:
  [6]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  [7]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core *
  [8]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
  [9]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  [10]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
root ##b##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  [11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio
  [12]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  [13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras
  [14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
  [15]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  [16]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde
  [17]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  [18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media
  [19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print
  [20]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  [21]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  [22]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  [23]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  [24]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  [25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X
  [26]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  [27]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  [28]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened

As in several other Funtoo utilities, a star (*) on the right indicates an active item (your case may differ from the example above). In most cases you will want to set your "flavor" first. Remember that you can only set one flavor at time.

To choose your favorite flavor use the set-flavor command including your selection. In this example, we will set the desktop flavor:

   Note

You must use numbers to reference to the profiles you want.

root # eselect profile set-flavor 8

View the result:

root # eselect profile list
root ##b##Currently available arch profiles:
  [1]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit * 
  [2]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
root ##b##Currently available build profiles:
  [3]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
  [4]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current * 
  [5]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
root ##b##Currently available flavor profiles:
  [6]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  [7]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
  [8]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop *
  [9]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  [10]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
root ##b##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  [11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio (auto)
  [12]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  [13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras (auto)
  [14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd (auto)
  [15]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  [16]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde
  [17]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  [18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media (auto)
  [19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print (auto)
  [20]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  [21]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  [22]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  [23]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  [24]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  [25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X (auto)
  [26]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  [27]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  [28]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened

As you see by the (auto) entries, the desktop flavor already pre-set some mix-ins for you.

Now, let's head over and add some mix-ins. To add, say, the mix-ins gnome and kde we'd have to enter:

root # eselect profile add 15
root # eselect profile add 16

Or, in a one-shot:

root # eselect profile add 15 16

If we want to remove a mix-in, for example gnome, simply enter:

root # eselect profile remove 15

Verification:

root # eselect profile list
root ##b##Currently available arch profiles:
  [1]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit * 
  [2]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/pure64
root ##b##Currently available build profiles:
  [3]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/stable
  [4]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current * 
  [5]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/experimental
root ##b##Currently available flavor profiles:
  [6]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/minimal
  [7]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core
  [8]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop *
  [9]   funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/workstation
  [10]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/hardened
root ##b##Currently available mix-ins profiles:
  [11]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/audio (auto)
  [12]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/cinnamon
  [13]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/console-extras (auto)
  [14]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd (auto)
  [15]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/gnome
  [16]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde *
  [17]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/mate
  [18]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media (auto)
  [19]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/print (auto)
  [20]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/python3-only
  [21]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/rhel5-compat
  [22]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-db
  [23]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-mail
  [24]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/server-web
  [25]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/X (auto)
  [26]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/xfce
  [27]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/vmware-guest
  [28]  funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/hardened

No magic here, whatever you add gets put into the /etc/portage/make.profile/parent file by portage.

In our case, this file contains:

root # cat /etc/portage/make.profile/parent
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/kde

   Warning

Please, do not add anything manually into parent file. This may result in profile breakage.

For Developers

Define the profile sub-sets you will use

So far in Funtoo we have used the exact same profiles as Gentoo thus Funtoo/2008.0 was strictly the same thing as Gentoo/2008.0 or the barely the same 10.0. This (monolithic) profile was set though a symbolic link named /etc/make.profile pointing on a complex directory architecture located somewhere under /usr/portage/profiles. This is no longer valid with the Funtoo 1.0 profiles as they are split in several smaller bricks which are then glued together via the /etc/portage/make.profile/parent file (You do not need to include everything, just use the "bricks" you need). Those bricks belongs to several categories:

1. MANDATORY -- An "arch" profile which defines settings for a particular architecture. You'll want to set this to whatever arch your system is and leave it alone. Setting it to a different arch than your system could severely break it.
2. MANDATORY -- A "build" profile which should match the tree you wish to use. Stable, Current (~arch), or Experimental (use it if you are brave enough and find current too stable).
3. MANDATORY -- A "flavor" profile (what was previously known as profiles is still known as such in Gentoo) which describes the kind of system you want:
   • minimal - Be warned, minimal is exactly what it says, the minimal profile stuff you need for a usable system, nothing else. This is really for people who know what they're doing.
   • core - This is the core profile. This is for stuff that affects both desktops and servers.
   • desktop - Exactly what it says. If you're using a desktop, you should set this as your flavor.
   • server - If you're running a server, you should set this as your flavor.
4. OPTIONAL -- One or more "mix-ins" profiles which describe optional add-ons. 'mix-ins' are the heart of the Funtoo 1.0 profiles. Unlike the monolithic profiles which sets a massive amount of use flags and options for you, we've split them into logical add-on profiles. For instance if you want support for gnome, you would add the gnome mix-in to your current profiles. That mix-in sets all the proper use flags and such for gnome. Same with others. Want dvd support? Add that one in. Using a rhel5 kernel which requires special versions of packages such as udev? There's a mix-in for that too. Run a mail server? web server? There's mix-ins for those also. Expect this category to grow in the future as new mix-ins are created.

The contents of /etc/portage/make.profile/parent for a basic setup might look like this:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent

gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/core

A more rounded setup for a desktop might look like this:

   /etc/portage/make.profile/parent

gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/arch/x86-64bit
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/build/current
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/flavor/desktop
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/dvd
gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu/mix-ins/media

Related

• Flavors and Mix-ins