Install/pt-br/Configuring

Configurando seu sistema

Como é esperado de uma distribuição Linux, Funtoo Linux tem seu compartilhamento de arquivos de configuração. O arquivo que absolutamente requer que você edite de forma a assegurar que o Funtoo Linux inicialize com sucesso é /etc/fstab. Os outros são opcionais.

Utilizando o Nano

O editor padrão incluso no ambiente chroot é chamado de nano. Para editar um dos arquivos abaixo, chame o nano como a seguir:

(chroot) # nano /etc/fstab

Quando estiver no editor, você pode utilizar as teclas de cetas para mover o cursor, e teclas comuns como backspace e delete funcionarão como esperado. Para salvar o arquivo, pressione Control-X, e responda y quando solicitado para salvar o buffer modificado se você gostaria de salvar suas alterações.

Configuration Files

Aqui estão uma lista completa de arquivos que você pode queres editar, dependendo de suas necessidades:

Arquivo	Preciso alter-á-lo?	Descrição
/etc/fstab	SIM - exigido	Pontos de montagem para todos os filesystems a serem utilizados no momento do boot. Esse arquivo deve refletir sua configuação de partição de disco. Vamos lhe guiar através da modificação desse arquivo abaixo.
/etc/localtime	Talvez - recomendável	Seu fuso horário (timezone), que será padrão ao UTC se não definido. Esse deve ser um link simbólico para algo localizado sob /usr/share/zoneinfo (ex. /usr/share/zoneinfo/America/Montreal)
/etc/make.conf (symlink) - also known as: /etc/portage/make.conf	Talvêz - recomendado	Parâmetros utilizado pelo gcc (compilador), pelo portage, e pelo make. É uma boa ideia definir o MAKEOPTS. Isso é coberto mais para frente nessa documentação.
/etc/conf.d/hostname	Talvez - recomendado	Utilizado para definir o hostname do sistema. Defina a variável hostname como nome fully-qualified (com pontos, ex. foo.funtoo.org) se você tiver um. Caso contrário, defina para o hostname do sistema local (sem pontos, ex. foo). Padrões para localhost se não definido.
/etc/hosts	Não	Você não precisa mais definir manual o hostname nesse arquivo. Esse arquivo é gerado manualmente pelo /etc/init.d/hostname.
/etc/conf.d/keymaps	Opcional	Arquivo de configuração de mapeamento do teclado (fara console pseudo terminais). Configure se você não possui um teclado no padrão americano (non-US). Veja Funtoo Linux Localization.
/etc/conf.d/hwclock	Opcional	Como o tempo de clock do hardware mantido pela bateria (battery-backed) do sistema é interpretado [UTC ou hora local (local time)]. Linux utiliza o clock do hardware mantido pela bateria para inicializar a hora do sistema quando o sistema é inicializado.
/etc/conf.d/modules	Opcional	Kernel modules to load automatically at system startup. Typically not required. See Additional Kernel Resources for more info.
/etc/conf.d/consolefont	Optional	Allows you to specify the default console font. To apply this font, enable the consolefont service by running rc-update add consolefont.
profiles	Optional	Some useful portage settings that may help speed up intial configuration.

If you're installing an English version of Funtoo Linux, you're in luck as most of the configuration files can be used as-is. If you're installing for another locale, don't worry. We will walk you through the necessary configuration steps on the Funtoo Linux Localization page, and if needed, there's always plenty of friendly, helpful support. (See Community)

Let's go ahead and see what we have to do. Use nano -w <name_of_file> to edit files -- the "-w" disables word-wrapping, which is handy when editing configuration files. You can copy and paste from the examples.

   Warning

It's important to edit your /etc/fstab file before you reboot! You will need to modify both the "fs" and "type" columns to match the settings for your partitions and filesystems that you created with gdisk or fdisk. Skipping this step may prevent Funtoo Linux from booting successfully.

/etc/fstab

/etc/fstab is used by the mount command which is ran when your system boots. Statements of this file inform mount about partitions to be mounted and how they are mounted. In order for the system to boot properly, you must edit /etc/fstab and ensure that it reflects the partition configuration you used earlier:

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/fstab

# The root filesystem should have a pass number of either 0 or 1.
# All other filesystems should have a pass number of 0 or greater than 1.
#
# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
#
# See the manpage fstab(5) for more information.
#
# <fs>	     <mountpoint>  <type>  <opts>         <dump/pass>

/dev/sda1    /boot         ext2    noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/sda2    none          swap    sw             0 0
/dev/sda3    /             ext4    noatime        0 1
#/dev/cdrom  /mnt/cdrom    auto    noauto,ro      0 0

   Note

Currently, our default /etc/fstab has the root filesystem as /dev/sda4 and the swap partition as /dev/sda3. These will need to be changed to /dev/sda3 and /dev/sda2, respectively.

   Note

If you're using UEFI to boot, change the /dev/sda1 line so it says vfat instead of ext2. Similarly, make sure that the /dev/sda3 line specifies either xfs or ext4, depending on which filesystem you chose at filesystem-creation time.

/etc/localtime

/etc/localtime is used to specify the timezone that your machine is in, and defaults to UTC. If you would like your Funtoo Linux system to use local time, you should replace /etc/localtime with a symbolic link to the timezone that you wish to use.

(chroot) # ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/MST7MDT /etc/localtime

The above sets the timezone to Mountain Standard Time (with daylight savings). Type ls /usr/share/zoneinfo to see what timezones are available. There are also sub-directories containing timezones described by location.

/etc/make.conf

MAKEOPTS can be used to define how many parallel compilations should occur when you compile a package, which can speed up compilation significantly. A rule of thumb is the number of CPUs (or CPU threads) in your system plus one. If for example you have a dual core processor without hyper-threading, then you would set MAKEOPTS to 3:

MAKEOPTS="-j3" 

If you are unsure about how many processors/threads you have then use nproc to help you.

(chroot) # nproc
16

Set MAKEOPTS to this number plus one:

MAKEOPTS="-j17"

USE flags define what functionality is enabled when packages are built. It is not recommended to add a lot of them during installation; you should wait until you have a working, bootable system before changing your USE flags. A USE flag prefixed with a minus ("-") sign tells Portage not to use the flag when compiling. A Funtoo guide to USE flags will be available in the future. For now, you can find out more information about USE flags in the Gentoo Handbook.

LINGUAS tells Portage which local language to compile the system and applications in (those who use LINGUAS variable like OpenOffice). It is not usually necessary to set this if you use English. If you want another language such as French (fr) or German (de), set LINGUAS appropriately:

LINGUAS="fr"

/etc/conf.d/hwclock

If you dual-boot with Windows, you'll need to edit this file and change the value of clock from UTC to local, because Windows will set your hardware clock to local time every time you boot Windows. Otherwise you normally wouldn't need to edit this file.

(chroot) # nano -w /etc/conf.d/hwclock

Localization

By default, Funtoo Linux is configured with Unicode (UTF-8) enabled, and for the US English locale and keyboard. If you would like to configure your system to use a non-English locale or keyboard, see Funtoo Linux Localization.