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Metro Quick Start Tutorial/pt-br
Prefácio
Como o Metro Funciona
Você pode estar se perguntando como o Metro cria seu primeiro stage tarball. Como você pode ter imaginado, Metro não pode criar um stage tarball. Para construi um novo stage tarball, Metro deve utilizar um já existente, antigo stage tarball chamado de uma "seed" stage. Essa semente "semente" stage tipicamente é utilizado com o ambiente build para a criação do stage que queremos.
Metro pode utilizar dois tipos de semente stages. Tradicionalmente, Metro tem utilizado um stage3 como uma semente stage. Esse stage3 é então utilizado para construir um novo stage1, que em troca é utlilizado para construir um novo stage2, e então um novo stage3. Esse é geralmente o jeito mais confiável de construir Gentoo Linux ou Funtoo Linux, entao essa é a recomendação recomendada.
Depois de portar o metro builds para o perfil do Funtoo, os stages do Gentoo não são mais fornecidos!
Sementes e Build Isolation
Um outro conceito importante a mencionar aqui é algo chamando de build isolation. Por que o Metro cria um ambiente build isolado, e o ambiente build é explicitamente definido utilizando entidades existentes, tangíveis -- uma semente stage e um portage snapshot -- você obterá resultados consistentes, repetíveis. Em outras palavras, a mesma semente stage, portage snapshot e instrções build gerarão resultados identico, mesmo se você desempenhar o um mês mais tarde em algum workstation de outro pessoa.
Local Build
Digamos que você queira construir um novo tarball stage3 pentium4. O módo recomendado de se fazer isso seria apanhar um tarball stage3 pentium4 existente como sua semente stage3 stage. Será dito ao Metro utilizar o stage3 pentium4 existente para construir um novo stage1 para o mesmo pentium4. Para esse process, o stage3 para o pentium4 genérico forneceria o ambiente build para a criação de nosso novo stage1. Então, o novo stage1 serviria como o ambiente build (build environment) para a criação do novo stage2 pentium4. E o novo stage2 para pentium4 serviria como o ambiente build para a criação do novo stage3 para pentium4.
Na terminologia Metro isso é chamado de um local build, que significa que um stage3 de uma dada arquitetura é utilizada para semear um build novo em folha da mesma arquitetura. Incidentalmente esse será o primeiro exercício que vamos realizar nesse tutorial.
Uma semana depois, você pode querer construir um tarball stage3 para pentium4 novo em folha. Ao invés de iniciar a partir do stage3 para pentium4 original de novo, você provavelmente configuraria o Metro para utilizar o built stage3 para pentium4 mais recente construído como a semente. Metro possui funcionalidade built-in para tornar isso fácil, permitindo facilmente encontrar e rastrear a semente stage3 mais recente disponível.
Build Remoto
Metro pode também desempenhar build remoto (remote build), onde um stage3 de uma arquitetura diferente, mas compatível binariamente, é utilizado como uma semente para construir um stage3 de arquitetura diferente. Consequencialidade, no segundo exercício que vamos realizar nesse tutorial será construir um tarball stage3 para core2 32bit a partir do tarball stage3 do pentium4 que acabamos de construir.
TODO: adicione ressalvas a respeito de quais arquiteturas podem ser semeadas e quais não podem (talvez um table?)
Tailored Build
Last, it's also worthy noting that both in local and remote builds, Metro can be configured to add and/or remove individual packages to the final tarball. Let's say you can't live without app-misc/screen, at the end of this tutorial, we will show how to have your tailored stage3 to include it.
Installing Metro
The recommended and supported method is to use the Git repository of Metro.
Ensure that dev-vcs/git and No results (optional; required for EC2 support) are installed on your system:
root # emerge dev-vcs/git root # emerge dev-python/boto
Next, clone the master git repository as follows:
root # cd /root root # git clone git://github.com/funtoo/metro.git root # cp /root/metro/metro.conf ~/.metro
You will now have a directory called /root/metro that contains all the Metro source code.
Metro is now installed. It's time to customize it for your local system.
Configuring Metro
Metro is not currently able to build Gentoo stages. See FL-901.
Daniel Robbins maintains Metro, so it comes pre-configured to successfully build Funtoo Linux releases. Before reading further, you might want to customize some basic settings like the number of concurrent jobs to fit your hardware's capabilities or the directory to use for produced stage archives. This is accomplished by editing ~/.metro which is the Metro's master configuration file.
Please note that path/install must point to where metro was installed. Point path/distfiles to where your distfiles reside. Also set path/mirror/owner and path/mirror/group to the owner and group of all the files that will be written to the build repository directory, which by default (as per the configuration file) is at /home/mirror/funtoo. The cache directory normally resides inside the temp directory -- this can be modified as desired. The cache directory can end up holding many cached .tbz2 packages, and eat up a lot of storage. You may want to place the temp directory on faster storage, for faster compile times, and place the cache directory on slower, but more plentiful storage.
.metro - Metro configuration# Main metro configuration file - these settings need to be tailored to your install:
[section path]
install: /root/metro
tmp: /var/tmp/metro
cache: $[path/tmp]/cache
distfiles: /var/src/distfiles
work: $[path/tmp]/work/$[target/build]/$[target/name]
[section path/mirror]
: /home/mirror/funtoo
owner: root
group: repomgr
dirmode: 775
[section portage]
MAKEOPTS: auto
[section emerge]
options: --jobs=4 --load-average=4 --keep-going=n
# This line should not be modified:
[collect $[path/install]/etc/master.conf]
Arch and Subarch
In the following example we are creating a pentium4 stage 3 compiled for x86-32bit binary compatibility. Pentium4 is a subarch of the x86-32bit architecture. Once you have metro installed you may find a full list of each subarch in your /root/metro/subarch directory each subarch will have the file extension .spec Example:
root # ls /root/metro/subarch root # ls subarch/ amd64-bulldozer-pure64.spec armv7a.spec core-avx-i.spec i686.spec pentium.spec amd64-bulldozer.spec armv7a_hardfp.spec core2_32.spec k6-2.spec pentium2.spec amd64-k10-pure64.spec athlon-4.spec core2_64-pure64.spec k6-3.spec pentium3.spec amd64-k10.spec athlon-mp.spec core2_64.spec k6.spec pentium4.spec amd64-k8+sse3.spec athlon-tbird.spec corei7-pure64.spec native_32.spec pentiumpro.spec amd64-k8+sse3_32.spec athlon-xp.spec corei7.spec native_64.spec prescott.spec amd64-k8-pure64.spec athlon.spec generic_32.spec niagara.spec ultrasparc.spec amd64-k8.spec atom_32.spec generic_64-pure64.spec niagara2.spec ultrasparc3.spec amd64-k8_32.spec atom_64-pure64.spec generic_64.spec nocona.spec xen-pentium4+sse3.spec armv5te.spec atom_64.spec generic_sparcv9.spec opteron_64.spec xen-pentium4+sse3_64.spec armv6j.spec btver1.spec geode.spec pentium-m.spec armv6j_hardfp.spec btver1_64.spec i486.spec pentium-mmx.spec
First stages build (local build)
To get this all started, we need to bootstrap the process by downloading an initial seed stage3 to use for building and place it in its proper location in /home/mirror/funtoo, so that Metro can find it. We will also need to create some special "control" files in /home/mirror/funtoo, which will allow Metro to understand how it is supposed to proceed.
Step 1: Set up pentium4 repository (local build)
Assuming we're following the basic steps outlined in the previous section, and building an unstable funtoo (funtoo-current) build for the pentium4, using a generic pentium4 stage3 as a seed stage, then here the first set of steps we'd perform:
root # install -d /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4 root # install -d /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/snapshots root # cd /home/metro/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4 root # install -d 2011-12-13 root # cd 2011-12-13 root # wget -c http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4/2011-12-13/stage3-pentium4-funtoo-current-2011-12-13.tar.xz root # cd .. root # install -d .control/version root # echo "2011-12-13" > .control/version/stage3 root # install -d .control/strategy root # echo local > .control/strategy/build root # echo stage3 > .control/strategy/seed
OK, let's review the steps above. First, we create the directory /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4, which is where Metro will expect to find unstable funtoo-current pentium4 builds -- it is configured to look here by default. Then we create a specially-named directory to house our seed x86 stage3. Again, by default, Metro expects the directory to be named this way. We enter this directory, and download our seed x86 stage3 from funtoo.org. Note that the 2010-12-24 version stamp matches. Make sure that your directory name matches the stage3 name too. Everything has been set up to match Metro's default filesystem layout.
Next, we go back to the /home/mirror/metro/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4 directory, and inside it, we create a .control directory. This directory and its subdirectories contain special files that Metro references to determine certain aspects of its behavior. The .control/version/stage3 file is used by Metro to track the most recently-built stage3 for this particular build and subarch. Metro will automatically update this file with a new version stamp after it successfully builds a new stage3. But because Metro didn't actually build this stage3, we need to set up the .control/version/stage3 file manually. This will allow Metro to find our downloaded stage3 when we set up our pentium4 build to use it as a seed. Also note that Metro will create a similar .control/version/stage1 file after it successfully builds an pentium4 funtoo-current stage1.
We also set up .control/strategy/build and .control/strategy/seed files with values of local and stage3 respectively. These files define the building strategy Metro will use when we build pentium4 funtoo-current stages. With a build strategy of local, Metro will source its seed stage from funtoo-current pentium4, the current directory. And with a seed strategy of stage3, Metro will use a stage3 as a seed, and use this seed to build a new stage1, stage2 and stage3.
Step 2: Building the pentium4 stages
Incidentally, if all you wanted to do at this point was to build a new pentium4 funtoo-current stage1/2/3 (plus openvz and vserver templates). You would begin the process by typing:
root # cd /root/metro root # scripts/ezbuild.sh funtoo-current pentium4
If you have a slow machine, it could take several hours to be completed because several "heavy" components like gcc or glibc have to be recompiled in each stage. Once a stage has been successfully completed, it is placed in the "${METRO_MIRROR}/funtoo-current/x32-bit/pentium4/YYYY-MM-DD" subdirectory, where YYYY-MM-DD is today's date at the time the ezbuild.sh script was started or the date you put on the ezscript.sh command line.
Building for another binary compatible architecture (remote build)
As written above, Metro is able to perform remote build building different architecture stage3 from a binary compatible seeding stage3 (e.g. using a pentium4 stage3 to seed a Intel Core2 32bits stage3).
In the Metro terminology this is called a remote build (a stage 3 of a different, but binary compatible, architecture is used as a seed). What's not compatible? You can't use a Sparc architecture to generate an x86 or ARM based stage and vice-versa. If you use a 32bit stage then you don't want to seed a 64bit build from it. Be sure that you are using a stage from the same architecture that you are trying to seed. Check Funtoo-current FTP Mirror for a stage that is from the same Architecture that you will be building.
Often, one build (ie. funtoo-current) can be used as a seed for another build such as funtoo-stable. However, hardened builds require hardened stages as seeds in order for the build to complete successfully.
Step 1: Set up Core_2 32bit repository
In this example, we're going to use this pentium4 funtoo-current stage3 to seed a new Core_2 32bit funtoo-current build. To get that done, we need to set up the pentium4 build directory as follows:
root # cd /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit root # install -d core2_32 root # cd core2_32 root # install -d .control/strategy root # echo remote > .control/strategy/build root # echo stage3 > .control/strategy/seed root # install -d .control/remote root # echo funtoo-current > .control/remote/build root # echo x86-32bit > .control/remote/arch_desc root # echo pentium4 > .control/remote/subarch
The steps we follow are similar to those we performed for a local build to set up our pentium4 directory for local build. However, note the differences. We didn't download a stage, because we are going to use the pentium4 stage to build a new Core_2 32bit stage. We also didn't create the .control/version/stage{1,3} files because Metro will create them for us after it successfully builds a new stage1 and stage3. We are still using a stage3 seed strategy, but we've set the build strategy to remote, which means that we're going to use a seed stage that's not from this particular subdirectory. Where are we going to get it from? The .control/remote directory contains this information, and lets Metro know that it should look for its seed stage3 in the /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4 directory. Which one will it grab? You guessed it -- the most recently built stage3 (since our seed strategy was set to stage3) that has the version stamp of 2010-12-24, as recorded in /home/mirror/funtoo-current/x86-32bit/pentium4/.control/version/stage. Now you can see how all those control files come together to direct Metro to do the right thing.
arch_desc should be set to one of: x86-32bit, x86-64bit or pure64 for PC-compatible systems. You must use a 32-bit build as a seed for other 32-bit builds, and a 64-bit build as a seed for other 64-bit builds.
Step 2: Building the Core_2 32bit stages
Now, you could start building your new Core_2 32bit stage1/2/3 (plus openvz and vserver templates) by typing the following:
root # /root/metro/scripts/ezbuild.sh funtoo-current core2_32
In that case, the produced stages are placed in the /home/mirror/funtoo/funtoo-current/x32-bit/core2_32/YYYY-MM-DD subdirectory.
Step 3: The Next Build
At this point, you now have a new Core_2 32bit stage3, built using a "remote" pentium4 stage3. Once the first remote build completes successfully, metro will automatically change .control/strategy/build to be local instead of remote, so it will use the most recently-built Core_2 32bit stage3 as a seed for any new Core_2 32bit builds from now on.
Build your own tailored stage3
Metro can be easily configured for building custom stage3 by including additional packages. Edit the following configuration file /root/metro/etc/builds/funtoo-current/build.conf:
funtoo-current/build.conf [collect ../../fslayouts/funtoo/layout.conf]
[section release]
author: Daniel Robbins <drobbins@funtoo.org>
[section target]
compression: xz
[section portage]
FEATURES:
SYNC: $[snapshot/source/remote]
USE:
[section profile]
format: new
path: gentoo:funtoo/1.0/linux-gnu
arch: $[:path]/arch/$[target/arch_desc]
build: $[:path]/build/current
flavor: $[:path]/flavor/core
mix-ins:
[section version]
python: 2.7
[section emerge]
[section snapshot]
type: live
compression: xz
[section snapshot/source]
type: git
branch: funtoo.org
# branch to have checked out for tarball:
branch/tar: origin/master
name: ports-2012
remote: git://github.com/funtoo/ports-2012.git
options: pull
[section metro]
options:
options/stage: cache/package
target: gentoo
[section baselayout]
services: sshd
[section multi]
snapshot: snapshot
[section files]
motd/trailer: [
>>> Send suggestions, improvements, bug reports relating to...
>>> This release: $[release/author]
>>> Funtoo Linux (general): Funtoo Linux (http://www.funtoo.org)
>>> Gentoo Linux (general): Gentoo Linux (http://www.gentoo.org)
]
[collect ../../multi-targets/$[multi/mode:zap]]